I'm looking for the sizes of the icons that I should provide to my Android application and I have read several times the term of "optical square" but I'm not sure to understand what it means.
Could you please explain?
Optical square is the area of the icon where actual design of the icon is present. For example consider the below icon:
In it 32x32 dp is the full icon asset size, however the optical square is only 24x24 dp.
The full icon asset size is the total touch enabled area of the icon, the optical square includes only the focal area. It is considered as a best practice for the same reason.