Simulation of Brownian motion in the invertal of time [0,100] and the paths were drawn by simulating n = 1000 points. I generate the following code:
n <- 1000
t <- 100
bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n,0,sqrt(t/n))))
steps <- seq(0,t,length=n+1)
plot(steps,bm,type="l")
How could I simulate 50 sample paths of a standard Brownian motion and show every path in a different colour, like a bunch of trajectories?
I think it will be something like replicate(50,bm)
but when I do it there is an error in xy.coords.
Thanks for helping!
Simulation of Brownian Bridge on [0,1] and the paths were drawn by simulating n = 1000 points. I generate the following code
n <- 1000
t <- seq(0,1,length=n)
No.Ex<-10
bm <- c(0,cumsum(rnorm(n-1,0,1)))/sqrt(n)
B = replicate(No.Ex,{
bb <- bm - t*bm[n]
})
matplot(B, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1)
Code to generate sample paths of a Geometric Brownian Motion
simGBM<- function(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl){
dt<- T/nSteps
muT<- (mu-sigma^2/2)*dt
sigmaT<- sqrt(dt)*sigma
pathMatrix<- matrix(nrow = nRepl, ncol = nSteps+1)
pathMatrix[,1]<- P0
for(i in 1:nRepl){
for(j in 2:(nSteps+1)){
pathMatrix[i,j]<- pathMatrix[i,j-1]*exp(rnorm(1, muT, sigmaT))
}
}
return(pathMatrix)
}
P0<- 1 #initial price
mu<- 0.1 #drift
sigma<- 0.5 #volatility
T<- 100/360 #100 days of a commercial year
nSteps<- 50 #No of steps
nRepl<- 100 #No of replications
paths<- simGBM(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl)
yBounds<- c(min(paths),max(paths)) #bounds of simulated prices
plot(paths[1,], ylim = yBounds, type = 'l',col = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")
for(k in 2:numRepl) lines(paths[k,], col = k)
I'm trying to use matplot function but I cannot generate the same graph
cols = rainbow(nSteps)
matplot(paths, ylim = yBounds, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")
How about this
n = 1000
t = 100
No.Ex = 10
steps = seq(0,t,length=n+1)
A = replicate(No.Ex, {
bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n,0,sqrt(t/n))))
})
cols = rainbow(No.Ex)
matplot(A, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1)
I modified my answer and incorporated Stephane Laurent's matplot
suggestion. This gives the following image.
EDIT:
To respond to your question in the comments, I think you should keep my initial code for bm
which is bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n,0,sqrt(t/n))))
. Then it all works pretty well! Thanks for pointing out the nice matplot
command @Stephane Laurent.
EDIT2: I just realized you posed a new question with regard to the Brown bridge. You could try this code
n <- 1000
t <- seq(0,1,length=n)
No.Ex<-10
B = replicate(No.Ex,{
bm <- c(0, cumsum(rnorm(n - 1,0,sqrt(t/n))))
bb <- bm - t*rep(bm[length(bm)], length.out = length(bm))
})
matplot(B, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1)
This produces
Also, for Geometric Brownian Motian try this modification of your code with fewer replications
simGBM<- function(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl){
dt<- T/nSteps
muT<- (mu-sigma^2/2)*dt
sigmaT<- sqrt(dt)*sigma
pathMatrix<- matrix(nrow = nRepl, ncol = nSteps+1)
pathMatrix[,1]<- P0
for(i in 1:nRepl){
for(j in 2:(nSteps+1)){
pathMatrix[i,j]<- pathMatrix[i,j-1]*exp(rnorm(1, muT, sigmaT))
}
}
return(pathMatrix)
}
P0<- 1 #initial price
mu<- 0.1 #drift
sigma<- 0.5 #volatility
T<- 100/360 #100 days of a commercial year
nSteps<- 50 #No of steps
nRepl<- 10 #No of replications
paths<- simGBM(P0, mu, sigma, T, nSteps, nRepl)
yBounds<- c(min(paths),max(paths)) #bounds of simulated prices
plot(paths[1,], ylim = yBounds, type = 'l',col = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")
for(k in 2:nRepl) lines(paths[k,], col = k)
cols = rainbow(nSteps)
matplot(paths, ylim = yBounds, type = "l", col = cols, lty = 1, main = "Simulation of sample paths of GBM", xlab = "Time", ylab = "Price")
On my machine, this produces