How much time will it take for Google to finish its review for a extension before it gets published to the Chrome Web Store?
Review times vary; some reviews complete in a few hours, others take many days, and in some cases a review can take several weeks
https://developer.chrome.com/webstore/faq#faq-listing-108
Edit 08.01.2024
It seems that Google has slightly reorganised its portal.
In some instances, a manual review is required, especially when sensitive permissions are requested. For this reason, review times and/or approval times can take longer