How do I push a new local branch to a remote Git repository and track it too?

How do I:

1. Create a local branch from another branch (via git branch or git checkout -b).

2. Push the local branch to the remote repository (i.e. publish), but make it trackable so that git pull and git push will work.

In Git 1.7.0 and later, you can checkout a new branch:

git checkout -b <branch>

Edit files, add and commit. Then push with the -u (short for --set-upstream) option:

git push -u origin <branch>

Git will set up the tracking information during the push.