Visualizing the result of dividing the network into communities

The dataset is included the network matrix and attribute data frame. Network dataset has 3 data set itself, that I just want to work on PrinFull dataset and also just PRIN attribute data. my data is uploaded in this two link below. I added all attribute on my data set.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MZCdeAZF0joIQLwVeoVXmKpf7r8IJ2wq/view?usp=sharing https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I96BAUo8TjJMWCWpn_SIhp54snfZ0Bd5/view?usp=sharing I want to plot my community detection algorithm, the code is as below , but my plot is messy and not understandable. how can I plot in a better way? can anyone help me?

load('/content/CISPRINWOSmatrices.RData')
load('/content/CISPRINWOS_attributes.RData')

library("igraphdata")
library("igraph")
library("network")
library("statnet")
library("intergraph")
library("dplyr")
library("stringr")
library("RColorBrewer")
library("sand")




nodePRIN <- data.frame(PRIN)
#nodePRIN
relationsp <- as.matrix(PrinFull)

PRIN_graph = graph_from_adjacency_matrix(relationsp, mode="undirected",weighted = TRUE)
PRIN_graph

# Girvan-newman algorithm
gn.comm <- cluster_edge_betweenness(PRIN_graph)

#How many communities?

unique(gn.comm$membership)

#attach community labels as vertex attribute
V(PRIN_graph)$GN.cluster <- membership(gn.comm)
PRIN_graph

V(PRIN_graph)$Author[V(PRIN_graph)$GN.cluster==69]
# visualizing the result of dividing the network into communities

par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))

colors <- rainbow(max(membership(gn.comm)))
plot(gn.comm, PRIN_graph, vertex.size = 6, 
vertex.color=colors[membership(gn.comm)], vertex.label = NA, edge.width = 1)

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

Nothing that you can do will make it easy to see 2839 nodes with 9379 links. There just isn't that much space on the screen. Nevertheless, I have some suggestions that may provide more insight than just passing the graph into plot.

First, a quick glance at your plot reveals that this graph is not composed of a single connected component.

COMP = components(PRIN_graph)
table(COMP$membership)
   1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9   10   11   12   13   14   
2696   42    2    4   18   13    2    7    7    2    3    2    2    2   
  15   16   17   18   19    20   21   22   23   24   25   26   27 
   2    6   14    3    1     1    1    2    1    3    1    1    1 

So 2696 of the nodes are in a single large component and the remaining 143 are in 26 small components. The 2696 nodes in the big component overwhelm the smaller components and the 26 small components acts as visual clutter for the big component. Let's separate the 26 small components.

SC = which(COMP$membership != 1)
SmallComps = induced_subgraph(PRIN_graph, SC)

Now it is easy to see the community structure on all of these small components.

SC.gn.comm <- cluster_edge_betweenness(SmallComps)
colors <- rainbow(max(membership(SC.gn.comm)))
plot(SC.gn.comm, SmallComps, vertex.size = 6, 
    vertex.color=colors[membership(SC.gn.comm)], 
    vertex.label = NA, edge.width = 1)

Mostly, small components comprised of a single community, although there are a few with some structure.

That was the easy part, now let's look at the big component.

LC = which(COMP$membership == 1)
LargeComp = induced_subgraph(PRIN_graph, LC)

Girvan-Newman produces 43 communities within this large component

LC.gn.comm <- cluster_edge_betweenness(LargeComp)
max(LC.gn.comm$membership)
[1] 43

But simply plotting that still leaves a mess.

par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))
colors <- rainbow(max(membership(LC.gn.comm)))
set.seed(1234)
plot(LC.gn.comm, LargeComp, vertex.size = 6, 
    vertex.color=colors[membership(LC.gn.comm)], 
    vertex.label = NA, edge.width = 1)

I will suggest two ways to improve the appearance of this graph:
separating the communities and contracting the communities.

Separating Communities

Based on this previous answer, we can position vertices in the same community group together and make different communities stay further apart.

LC_Grouped = LargeComp
E(LC_Grouped)$weight = 1
for(i in unique(membership(LC.gn.comm))) {
    GroupV = which(membership(LC.gn.comm) == i)
    LC_Grouped = add_edges(LC_Grouped, combn(GroupV, 2), attr=list(weight=6))
} 

set.seed(1234)
LO = layout_with_fr(LC_Grouped)
colors <- rainbow(max(membership(LC.gn.comm)))
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))
plot(LC.gn.comm, LargeComp, layout=LO,
    vertex.size = 6, 
    vertex.color=colors[membership(LC.gn.comm)], 
    vertex.label = NA, edge.width = 1)

This makes the communities stand out better, but it is still pretty hard to see the relationships. So another option is

Contract the Communities

Just plot a single node for each community. Here, I make the area of each community vertex proportional to the number of members of that community and I colored the vertices using a coarse grouping based on their degrees.

GN.Comm = simplify(contract(LargeComp, membership(LC.gn.comm)))
D = unname(degree(GN.Comm))

set.seed(1234)
par(mar=c(0,0,0,0))
plot(GN.Comm, vertex.size=sqrt(sizes(LC.gn.comm)),
    vertex.label=1:43, vertex.cex = 0.8,
    vertex.color=round(log(D))+1)

You can see that some communities barely connect to any others and some are very well connected. None of these visualizations are perfect, but I hope that they might provide some insight into the structure and relationships.