I am using MobaXTerm to connect to a remote machine and thus uses its x11 forwarding to use graphic applications.
However, despite the fact that all my locales are well set (France),all the application used with the X server are using a qwerty layout.
For my personal case, switching to the pro version fixed the issue.
However I also successfully fixed this issue by changing the 'X11 server display mode' setting, see screenshot;