How to texture a sphere in PyQt5 QOpenGLWidget
I'm trying to display a map of the world in a program I've made using PyQt5. For the rendering stuff so far this is the (mostly borrowed) code I have:
import sys
import math
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageQt
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QPoint, QSize, Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor, QOpenGLVersionProfile
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QOpenGLWidget, QWidget)
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(Window, self).__init__()
self.glWidget = GLWidget()
mainLayout = QHBoxLayout()
mainLayout.addWidget(self.glWidget)
self.setLayout(mainLayout)
self.img = Image.open("BWTopo.png")
self.mapWidth, self.mapHeight = self.img.size
pgImData = np.asarray(self.img)
self.inputMapFile = np.flipud(pgImData)
self.setWindowTitle("SPHERE")
class GLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(GLWidget, self).__init__(parent)
self.object = 0
self.xRot = 0
self.yRot = 0
self.zRot = 0
self.lastPos = QPoint()
self.main = QColor.fromCmykF(0.40, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
self.clear = QColor.fromCmykF(0.39, 0.39, 0.0, 0.0)
def sizeHint(self):
return QSize(400, 400)
def setXRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.xRot:
self.xRot = angle
self.update()
def setYRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.yRot:
self.yRot = angle
self.update()
def setZRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.zRot:
self.zRot = angle
self.update()
def initializeGL(self):
version_profile = QOpenGLVersionProfile()
version_profile.setVersion(2, 0)
self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions(version_profile)
self.gl.initializeOpenGLFunctions()
self.setClearColor(self.clear.darker())
self.object = self.makeObject()
self.gl.glShadeModel(self.gl.GL_FLAT)
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_CULL_FACE)
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_LIGHTING)
self.gl.glLightModelfv(self.gl.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, [0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1.0])
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL)
self.gl.glColorMaterial(self.gl.GL_FRONT, self.gl.GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE)
def paintGL(self):
self.gl.glClear(self.gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | self.gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
self.gl.glLoadIdentity()
self.gl.glTranslated(0.0, 0.0, -10.0)
self.gl.glRotated(self.xRot / 16.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
self.gl.glRotated(self.yRot / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
self.gl.glRotated(self.zRot / 16.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
self.gl.glCallList(self.object)
def resizeGL(self, width, height):
side = min(width, height)
if side < 0:
return
self.gl.glViewport((width - side) // 2, (height - side) // 2, side,
side)
self.gl.glMatrixMode(self.gl.GL_PROJECTION)
self.gl.glLoadIdentity()
self.gl.glOrtho(-0.5, +0.5, +0.5, -0.5, 4.0, 15.0)
self.gl.glMatrixMode(self.gl.GL_MODELVIEW)
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
dx = event.x() - self.lastPos.x()
dy = event.y() - self.lastPos.y()
if event.buttons() & Qt.LeftButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setYRotation(self.yRot + 8 * dx)
elif event.buttons() & Qt.RightButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setZRotation(self.zRot + 8 * dx)
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def makeObject(self):
genList = self.gl.glGenLists(1)
self.gl.glNewList(genList, self.gl.GL_COMPILE)
self.gl.glBegin(self.gl.GL_TRIANGLES)
UResolution = 18
VResolution = 36
r = 0.3
startU = 0
startV = 0
endU = math.pi * 2
endV = math.pi
stepU = (endU-startU)/UResolution # step size between U-points on the grid
stepV = (endV-startV)/VResolution # step size between V-points on the grid
for i in range(UResolution): # U-points
for j in range(VResolution): # V-points
u = i*stepU+startU
v = j*stepV+startV
un = endU if (i+1==UResolution) else (i+1)*stepU+startU
vn = endV if (j+1==VResolution) else (j+1)*stepV+startV
p0 = [ math.cos(u)*math.sin(v)*r, math.cos(v)*r, math.sin(u)*math.sin(v)*r ]
p1 = [ math.cos(u)*math.sin(vn)*r, math.cos(vn)*r, math.sin(u)*math.sin(vn)*r ]
p2 = [ math.cos(un)*math.sin(v)*r, math.cos(v)*r, math.sin(un)*math.sin(v)*r ]
p3 = [ math.cos(un)*math.sin(vn)*r, math.cos(vn)*r, math.sin(un)*math.sin(vn)*r ]
# Output the first triangle of this grid square
self.gl.glVertex3f(p0[0],p0[1],p0[2])
self.gl.glVertex3f(p2[0],p2[1],p2[2])
self.gl.glVertex3f(p1[0],p1[1],p1[2])
# Output the other triangle of this grid square
self.gl.glVertex3f(p3[0],p3[1],p3[2])
self.gl.glVertex3f(p1[0],p1[1],p1[2])
self.gl.glVertex3f(p2[0],p2[1],p2[2])
self.gl.glEnd()
self.gl.glEndList()
return genList
def normalizeAngle(self, angle):
while angle < 0:
angle += 360 * 16
while angle > 360 * 16:
angle -= 360 * 16
return angle
def setClearColor(self, c):
self.gl.glClearColor(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
def setColor(self, c):
self.gl.glColor4f(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
It creates an unshaded sphere in a window. I want to apply the image loaded in from "BWTopo" as an equirectangular projected map onto the sphere. How would I go about doing that?
Solution
You have to create a texture object:
self.gl.glActiveTexture(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE0)
self.text_obj = self.gl.glGenTextures(1)
self.gl.glBindTexture(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.text_obj)
self.gl.glPixelStorei(self.gl.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1)
self.gl.glTexImage2D(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, self.gl.GL_RGB, self.mapWidth, self.mapHeight, 0, self.gl.GL_RGB, self.gl.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, self.inputMapFile.tobytes())
self.gl.glPixelStorei(self.gl.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4)
self.gl.glTexParameterf(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, self.gl.GL_LINEAR)
self.gl.glTexParameterf(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, self.gl.GL_LINEAR)
You need to create the texture coordinates in range [0, 1]:
t0 = [i/UResolution, 1-j/VResolution]
t1 = [i/UResolution, 1-(j+1)/VResolution]
t2 = [(i+1)/UResolution, 1-j/VResolution]
t3 = [(i+1)/UResolution, 1-(j+1)/VResolution]
# Output the first triangle of this grid square
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t0)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p0)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t2)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p2)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t1)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p1)
# Output the other triangle of this grid square
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t3)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p3)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t1)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p1)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t2)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p2)
Two-dimensional texturing has to be enabled, see glEnable and the texture object needs to be bound before drawing the mesh:
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D)
self.gl.glBindTexture(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.text_obj)
self.gl.glColor3f(1, 1, 1)
self.gl.glCallList(self.object)
Complete example:
import sys
import math
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageQt
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QPoint, QSize, Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor, QOpenGLVersionProfile
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QOpenGLWidget, QWidget)
class Window(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(Window, self).__init__()
self.glWidget = GLWidget()
mainLayout = QHBoxLayout()
mainLayout.addWidget(self.glWidget)
self.setLayout(mainLayout)
self.setWindowTitle("SPHERE")
class GLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(GLWidget, self).__init__(parent)
self.object = 0
self.xRot = 0
self.yRot = 0
self.zRot = 0
self.lastPos = QPoint()
self.main = QColor.fromCmykF(0.40, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
self.clear = QColor.fromCmykF(0.39, 0.39, 0.0, 0.0)
self.img = Image.open("BWTopo.png")
#self.img = Image.open("worldmap1.bmp")
self.mapWidth, self.mapHeight = self.img.size
pgImData = np.asarray(self.img)
self.inputMapFile = np.flipud(pgImData)
def sizeHint(self):
return QSize(400, 400)
def setXRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.xRot:
self.xRot = angle
self.update()
def setYRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.yRot:
self.yRot = angle
self.update()
def setZRotation(self, angle):
angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
if angle != self.zRot:
self.zRot = angle
self.update()
def initializeGL(self):
version_profile = QOpenGLVersionProfile()
version_profile.setVersion(2, 0)
self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions(version_profile)
self.gl.initializeOpenGLFunctions()
self.setClearColor(self.clear.darker())
self.object = self.makeObject()
self.gl.glShadeModel(self.gl.GL_SMOOTH)
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_CULL_FACE)
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_LIGHTING)
self.gl.glLightModelfv(self.gl.GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, [0.9, 0.9, 0.9, 1.0])
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_COLOR_MATERIAL)
self.gl.glColorMaterial(self.gl.GL_FRONT, self.gl.GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE)
self.gl.glActiveTexture(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE0)
self.text_obj = self.gl.glGenTextures(1)
self.gl.glBindTexture(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.text_obj)
self.gl.glPixelStorei(self.gl.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1)
self.gl.glTexImage2D(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, self.gl.GL_RGB, self.mapWidth, self.mapHeight, 0, self.gl.GL_RGB, self.gl.GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, self.inputMapFile.tobytes())
self.gl.glPixelStorei(self.gl.GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 4)
self.gl.glTexParameterf(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, self.gl.GL_LINEAR)
self.gl.glTexParameterf(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, self.gl.GL_LINEAR)
def paintGL(self):
self.gl.glClear(self.gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | self.gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
self.gl.glLoadIdentity()
self.gl.glTranslated(0.0, 0.0, -10.0)
self.gl.glRotated(self.xRot / 16.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
self.gl.glRotated(self.yRot / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
self.gl.glRotated(self.zRot / 16.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
self.gl.glEnable(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D)
self.gl.glBindTexture(self.gl.GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.text_obj)
self.gl.glColor3f(1, 1, 1)
self.gl.glCallList(self.object)
def resizeGL(self, width, height):
side = min(width, height)
if side < 0:
return
self.gl.glViewport((width - side) // 2, (height - side) // 2, side,
side)
self.gl.glMatrixMode(self.gl.GL_PROJECTION)
self.gl.glLoadIdentity()
self.gl.glOrtho(-0.5, +0.5, +0.5, -0.5, 4.0, 15.0)
self.gl.glMatrixMode(self.gl.GL_MODELVIEW)
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
dx = event.x() - self.lastPos.x()
dy = event.y() - self.lastPos.y()
if event.buttons() & Qt.LeftButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setYRotation(self.yRot + 8 * dx)
elif event.buttons() & Qt.RightButton:
self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
self.setZRotation(self.zRot + 8 * dx)
self.lastPos = event.pos()
def makeObject(self):
genList = self.gl.glGenLists(1)
self.gl.glNewList(genList, self.gl.GL_COMPILE)
self.gl.glBegin(self.gl.GL_TRIANGLES)
UResolution = 18
VResolution = 36
r = 0.3
startU = 0
startV = 0
endU = math.pi * 2
endV = math.pi
stepU = (endU-startU)/UResolution # step size between U-points on the grid
stepV = (endV-startV)/VResolution # step size between V-points on the grid
for i in range(UResolution): # U-points
for j in range(VResolution): # V-points
u = i*stepU+startU
v = j*stepV+startV
un = endU if (i+1==UResolution) else (i+1)*stepU+startU
vn = endV if (j+1==VResolution) else (j+1)*stepV+startV
p0 = [ math.cos(u)*math.sin(v)*r, math.cos(v)*r, math.sin(u)*math.sin(v)*r ]
p1 = [ math.cos(u)*math.sin(vn)*r, math.cos(vn)*r, math.sin(u)*math.sin(vn)*r ]
p2 = [ math.cos(un)*math.sin(v)*r, math.cos(v)*r, math.sin(un)*math.sin(v)*r ]
p3 = [ math.cos(un)*math.sin(vn)*r, math.cos(vn)*r, math.sin(un)*math.sin(vn)*r ]
t0 = [i/UResolution, 1-j/VResolution]
t1 = [i/UResolution, 1-(j+1)/VResolution]
t2 = [(i+1)/UResolution, 1-j/VResolution]
t3 = [(i+1)/UResolution, 1-(j+1)/VResolution]
# Output the first triangle of this grid square
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t0)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p0)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t2)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p2)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t1)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p1)
# Output the other triangle of this grid square
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t3)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p3)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t1)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p1)
self.gl.glTexCoord2f(*t2)
self.gl.glVertex3f(*p2)
self.gl.glEnd()
self.gl.glEndList()
return genList
def normalizeAngle(self, angle):
while angle < 0:
angle += 360 * 16
while angle > 360 * 16:
angle -= 360 * 16
return angle
def setClearColor(self, c):
self.gl.glClearColor(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
def setColor(self, c):
self.gl.glColor4f(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
window = Window()
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
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