MATLAB documentation has the section Avoid Unnecessary Copies of Data in which the following statement can be found:
Copy-on-Write
If a function does not modify an input argument, MATLAB does not make a copy of the values contained in the input variable.
There is no word about varargin in that context. I tried to work out a function capable of monitoring the memory usage without success. So I'm here to ask: does the copy-on-write feature work with varargin?
Suppose the function function Y = f(x,y,z) versus the function function Y = f(varargin). In the first case, the function call f(a,b,c) will not make a copy of a, b and c (regardless the type of the variables). In the second case, the behavior of the function call f(a,b,c) is not clear. Will MATLAB point out varargin{1} to a, varargin{2} to b and varargin{3} to c without explicitly creating the cell array, or is varargin an explicit concatenation of a, b and c (and therefore the memory will store copies of the three variables inside the cell array)?
varargin is a cell array. When you place an object into a cell array the object isn't really copied but its reference count is increased:
a = [1 2 3];
b = 5;
c = {4, 6};
varargin = {a,b,c};
Here just the reference counts of objects that are pointed to by a, b and c are increased. When you do this:
varargin{1}(2) = 7;
because it wants to write to the object that is pointed to by a, it makes a copy of that array object and sets the second element of the new array to 7. The new array is placed in the first cell of varargin and the reference count of the object that is pointed to by a is decreased. However the MATLAB jit compiler may do more optimizations and it may create the variables in-place and so no cell array is created at all. Another possible optimization may be related to small objects like scalars. They are cheap objects and can be cheaply copied and they possibly don't have a reference count.