Obviously TCP/UDP are supported in Windows but are there any other transport protocols? I know that SCTP and DCCP exist but cant seem to find any reference to them with regards to their support in Windows OSes and only managed to find third party drivers but none seem to be past Windows 7. Is the lack of support due to lack of use or another reason?
mostly used traport layer network protocols are tcp and udp yes TCP (1981), UDP (1980)
Stream Control Transmission Protocol aka SCTP (2007) combines TCP and UDP, reliable as tcp, uses datagrams like in UDP and supports multiple parallel streams of chunks
Datagram Congestion Control Protocol aka DCCP (2006) provides bidirectional unicast connections of congestion-controlled unreliable datagrams.
Edit: the following is the conclusion of a paper written while back
Adding multihoming and mobility support to Internet transport protocols changes the environment in which transport-layer security mechanisms operate. This may cause non-cryptographic security mechanisms, such as TCP sequence numbers and SCTP verification tags, to break. The attacker may be able to spoof data and signaling messages and hijack connections. Dynamic multi-addressing also gives raise to new types of attacks such as address squatting, redirection of data from a server to the target of a bombing attack, and connection forwarding. In this paper, we describe a number of such attacks against SCTP and suggest low-cost changes to the protocol specification and implementations. Several SCTP implementations were found to be vulnerable to all or most of the attacks described in this paper. Table 1 summarizes the main protocol weaknesses, attacks and solutions and how they relate to each other. (Some attacks depend on multiple vulnerabilities, which is indicated by multiple crosses in the column. We have also marked the changes that should be made immediately to the implementations.) The lessons from our security analysis apply to other transport protocols and to practically any multihoming or mobility solution that uses end-to-end signaling.
you can find the paper here