A similar question was asked for Windows 10 IoT Core: Can Docker containers run in Windows IoT Core
However, can Docker run on Windows 10 IoT Enterprise?
Docker can run on Windows 10 IoT Enterprise 64bit Build 16299 or later, with Hyper-V and Components enabled. See requirements.
Note: "Windows 10 IoT Enterprise" is identical to "Windows 10 Enterprise", it only differs in license type, not core system.