By default coturn uses the range 49152-65535 UDP as relay ports. Is there any reason to use the full range? Can't one udp handle infinite connections? What's the point of having all of these open? Are there any security risks? Are there any trade offs to using less udp ports?
Coturn uses the 49152-65535 range by default because this is what is specified in RFC 5766, Section 6.2, which describes how the TURN server should react when it receives an allocation request. This paragraph is of particular interest for your question:
In all cases, the server SHOULD only allocate ports from the range 49152 - 65535 (the Dynamic and/or Private Port range [Port-Numbers]), unless the TURN server application knows, through some means not specified here, that other applications running on the same host as the TURN server application will not be impacted by allocating ports outside this range. This condition can often be satisfied by running the TURN server application on a dedicated machine and/or by arranging that any other applications on the machine allocate ports before the TURN server application starts. In any case, the TURN server SHOULD NOT allocate ports in the range 0 - 1023 (the Well-Known Port range) to discourage clients from using TURN to run standard services.
The Dynamic and/or Private Port range is described in RFC 6335, Section 6:
- the Dynamic Ports, also known as the Private or Ephemeral Ports, from 49152-65535 (never assigned)
So, to try and answer your questions:
Is there any reason to use the full range?
Yes, if the default range works for you and your application.
Can't one udp handle infinite connections?
Yes, you could configure coturn to only use one port, as system resources allow, of course.
What's the point of having all of these open?
It is the default range for dynamically assigned port numbers as defined by the IANA.
Are there any security risks?
Not beyond any other normal security risk involved with running a service like coturn.
Are there any trade offs to using less udp ports?
As far as I know, there are not any technical trade offs. I have run coturn with a much smaller range outside of the dynamic range, and it works just fine.
When faced with firewalls or port number restrictions on networks trying to reach a TURN server, a smaller range may be seen as a benefit to some network administrators, but at the same time other administrators may question the use of a port range outside of the IANA-assigned dynamic range. I have encountered both mindsets, and it is not possible to declare one approach as clearly better than the other (when chosing between the default port range or a smaller range). You just have to find what works for you application and usage.