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How to format p-values in ggplot2 `annotate()`—APA style?

I would like to add a p-value to a scatter-plot, while respecting APA style. This entails two elements: (a) an italicized p, and (b) stripping the leading zero (but also: formatting values smaller than .001 as < .001).

We can strip the leading zero with a custom formula

# Formatting formula
format.p <- function(p, precision = 0.001) {
  digits <- -log(precision, base = 10)
  p <- formatC(p, format = 'f', digits = digits)
  p[p == formatC(0, format = 'f', digits = digits)] <- paste0('< ', precision)
  sub("0", "", p)}

# Get p-value
(p = cor.test(mtcars$wt, mtcars$mpg)$p.value)
1.293959e-10

# Format p-value
(p = format.p(p))
"< .001"

# Make plot    
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(mtcars,aes(x=wt,y=mpg)) +
  stat_smooth(geom="line",method="lm")+
  annotate(geom="text",label=paste0("p = ", p),x=4.5,y=25,size=8)

enter image description here

We can also achieve the italicized p like this:

ggplot(mtcars,aes(x=wt,y=mpg)) +
  stat_smooth(geom="line",method="lm") +
geom="text",label=paste0("italic('p')~'='",p),parse=T,x=4.5,y=25,size=8)

enter image description here

But notice then that we lost the stripped zero (the leading zero is back while we don't want it). Any idea how to fix this?

Solution

  • Solution provided by @rawr in comments (thank you!)

    The key was to change label=paste0("italic('p')~'='", p) to label=sprintf("italic('p')~'%s'", p).

    Furthermore, in order to avoid having situations where the function would simultaneously output equal and smaller than signs (e.g., p = < .001), I have also modified the format.p() function to choose either < or = depending on the situation.

    Here's the final solution:

    # Formatting formula
format.p <- function(p, precision = 0.001) {
  digits <- -log(precision, base = 10)
  p <- formatC(p, format = 'f', digits = digits)
  if (p < .001) {
    p = paste0('< ', precision)}
  if (p >= .001) {
    p = paste0('= ', p)    }
  sub("0", "", p)
}

# Get p-value
(p = cor.test(mtcars$wt, mtcars$mpg)$p.value)
1.293959e-10

# Format p-value
(p = format.p(p))
"< .001"

# Make plot    
library(ggplot2)
ggplot(mtcars,aes(x=wt,y=mpg)) +
  stat_smooth(geom="line",method="lm")+
  annotate(geom="text",label=sprintf("italic('p')~'%s'",p),parse=TRUE,x=4.5,y=25,size=8)

    enter image description here