dockergcccentos7

How to install gcc/g++ 9 on CentOS 7 docker (centos:7)

In order to use the C++17 include <filesystem> I need gcc-9 package in my centos 7 docker.

By default centos:7 will install gcc 4.8.5 from the regular distro repo.

docker run --rm -it centos:7
# yum install -y gcc
# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)

Is there any way to easily install a gcc-9 (or later) package (i.e. not build it from source)

Thanks !

note: need gcc-9 to have good C++17 <filesystem> support.
GCC 9 Release note:

Using the types and functions in <filesystem> does not require linking with -lstdc++fs now.

src: https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-9/changes.html

Solution

  • What I have so far:

    cat Dockerfile

    FROM centos:7 AS env

RUN yum update -y
RUN yum install -y centos-release-scl
RUN yum install -y devtoolset-9

RUN echo "source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable" >> /etc/bashrc
SHELL ["/bin/bash", "--login", "-c"]
RUN gcc --version

    So you must:

    1. Add the source stuff in a bashrc
      note: On Centos it's /etc/bashrc while on ubuntu it's /etc/bash.bashrc

    2. Update the docker default shell to be bash AND to "load" the bashrc using --login

    Output

    docker build .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB
Step 1/32 : FROM centos:7 AS env
 ---> 8652b9f0cb4c
Step 2/32 : RUN yum update -y
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a2bb269cd8dc
Step 3/32 : RUN yum install -y centos-release-scl
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 1184e26c71cf
Step 4/32 : RUN yum install -y devtoolset-9
 ---> Using cache
 ---> e678665d2a4e
Step 5/32 : RUN echo "source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable" >> /etc/bashrc
 ---> Using cache
 ---> fe1745d4ca87
Step 6/32 : SHELL ["/bin/bash", "--login", "-c"]
 ---> Running in 2dd7955f4487
Removing intermediate container 2dd7955f4487
 ---> 3cf4835bf680
Step 7/32 : RUN gcc --version
 ---> Running in b5de3266d607
gcc (GCC) 9.3.1 20200408 (Red Hat 9.3.1-2)
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 ...

    What won't work

    Test 1

    RUN scl enable devtoolset-9 bash
RUN gcc --version | head -1

    each RUN is a new shell so the sub-bash is lost on the second line.

    Test 2

    RUN source /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable && gcc --version | head -1
RUN gcc --version | head -1

    Here again the source is only for the first RUN shell command but will be lost...

    Test 3

    This may work but with potential unexpected behaviour

    ENV PATH=/opt/rh/devtoolset-9/root/bin:$PATH
RUN gcc --version | head -1

    here we only "fix" the PATH variable but if you look at the /opt/rh/devtoolset-9/enable script there is so more to do than only updating the PATH...