There is a scroll event happening with unknown source when using iOS safari.
To reproduce the issue You can use this link to explore a minimal example of the issue.
Using an iphone, try to scroll until you get rid of safari bottom nav bar, then scroll in the non scrolling red area at the very bottom edge of the screen.
Update 1 : While there is no known method to solve this as it seems, force showing the bottom all the time did work for my specific use case.
Can scrolling be prevented using this method with Javascript without extra css?
I fear the answer is simply no. :(
Here's the most meaningful source I could find: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=189586 (~2.5 years ago)
In this source, refer to the section "Level 6: iOS Safari restricted browser area": https://medium.com/turo-engineering/ios-mobile-scroll-in-web-react-1d92d910604b
Another: https://benfrain.com/the-ios-safari-menu-bar-is-hostile-to-web-apps-discuss/
References made in issues from the body-scroll-lock
library: