SassError: Can't find stylesheet to import. @use '~@angular/material' as mat;

I created an Angular project using the CLI. I'm using SCSS, and I included Angular Material with a custom theme iirc. I added a couple dummy components, and the app still built fine. Then I needed to style my components using Angular Material. In order to do so, I added @use '~@angular/material' as mat; to the first line of my style.scss file. Once I did this, the app will no longer build. It always throws the following error:

ERROR in ./src/styles.scss (./node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js??ref--13-1!./node_modules/postcss-loader/src??embedded!./node_modules/resolve-url-loader??ref--13-3!./node_modules/sass-loader/dist/cjs.js??ref--13-4!./src/styles.scss)
Module build failed (from ./node_modules/sass-loader/dist/cjs.js):
SassError: Can't find stylesheet to import.
  ╷
1 │ @use '~@angular/material' as mat;
  │ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  ╵
  src/styles.scss 1:1  root stylesheet

I have no idea what I'm doing wrong; I was under the impression that importing Angular Material this way would just work. Am I doing something wrong?

Here is my entire style.scss file if that's helpful:

@use '~@angular/material' as mat;

// Custom Theming for Angular Material
// For more information: https://material.angular.io/guide/theming
@import '~@angular/material/theming';
// Plus imports for other components in your app.

// Include the common styles for Angular Material. We include this here so that you only
// have to load a single css file for Angular Material in your app.
// Be sure that you only ever include this mixin once!
@include mat-core();

// For each palette, you can optionally specify a default, lighter, and darker hue.
$aphrodite-primary: mat-palette($mat-indigo);
$aphrodite-accent: mat-palette($mat-pink, A200, A100, A400);

// The warn palette is optional (defaults to red).
$aphrodite-warn: mat-palette($mat-red);

// Create the theme object. A theme consists of configurations for individual
// theming systems such as "color" or "typography".
$aphrodite-theme: mat-light-theme((
  color: (
    primary: $aphrodite-primary,
    accent: $aphrodite-accent,
    warn: $aphrodite-warn,
  )
));

// Include theme styles for core and each component used in your app.
// Alternatively, you can import and @include the theme mixins for each component
// that you are using.
@include angular-material-theme($aphrodite-theme);

/* You can add global styles to this file, and also import other style files */

@import '~normalize.css';
@import 'sassVars.scss';

html, body { height: 100%; }

html{
  background: $nullGray;
  min-width: 400px;
}

body {
  font-family: Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;
  background: $canvas;
  max-width: $bodyWidth;
  margin: auto;
  height: 100%;
  @include elevation(16);
}

Here's my angular.json file:

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/@angular/cli/lib/config/schema.json",
  "version": 1,
  "newProjectRoot": "projects",
  "projects": {
    "myapp": {
      "projectType": "application",
      "schematics": {
        "@schematics/angular:component": {
          "style": "scss"
        }
      },
      "root": "",
      "sourceRoot": "src",
      "prefix": "app",
      "architect": {
        "build": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:browser",
          "options": {
            "baseHref" : "/app/",
            "deployUrl": "/app/",
            "outputPath": "dist/myapp",
            "index": "src/index.html",
            "main": "src/main.ts",
            "polyfills": "src/polyfills.ts",
            "tsConfig": "tsconfig.app.json",
            "aot": true,
            "assets": [
              "src/favicon.ico",
              "src/assets"
            ],
            "styles": [
              "src/styles.scss"
            ],
            "scripts": []
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "fileReplacements": [
                {
                  "replace": "src/environments/environment.ts",
                  "with": "src/environments/environment.prod.ts"
                }
              ],
              "optimization": true,
              "outputHashing": "all",
              "sourceMap": false,
              "extractCss": true,
              "namedChunks": false,
              "extractLicenses": true,
              "vendorChunk": false,
              "buildOptimizer": true,
              "budgets": [
                {
                  "type": "initial",
                  "maximumWarning": "2mb",
                  "maximumError": "5mb"
                },
                {
                  "type": "anyComponentStyle",
                  "maximumWarning": "6kb",
                  "maximumError": "10kb"
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        },
        "serve": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:dev-server",
          "options": {
            "browserTarget": "myapp:build"
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "browserTarget": "myapp:build:production"
            }
          }
        },
        "extract-i18n": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:extract-i18n",
          "options": {
            "browserTarget": "myapp:build"
          }
        },
        "test": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:karma",
          "options": {
            "main": "src/test.ts",
            "polyfills": "src/polyfills.ts",
            "tsConfig": "tsconfig.spec.json",
            "karmaConfig": "karma.conf.js",
            "assets": [
              "src/favicon.ico",
              "src/assets"
            ],
            "styles": [
              "src/styles.scss"
            ],
            "scripts": []
          }
        },
        "lint": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:tslint",
          "options": {
            "tsConfig": [
              "tsconfig.app.json",
              "tsconfig.spec.json",
              "e2e/tsconfig.json"
            ],
            "exclude": [
              "**/node_modules/**"
            ]
          }
        },
        "e2e": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:protractor",
          "options": {
            "protractorConfig": "e2e/protractor.conf.js",
            "devServerTarget": "myapp:serve"
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "devServerTarget": "myapp:serve:production"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "defaultProject": "myapp",
  "cli": {
    "analytics": "0ded4b78-d900-44ea-8ad2-b5cbba677e06"
  }
}

As usual with Google APIs, there is confusion between Angular Material version 11 and version 12.

[Short answer]

In SCSS, they seem to have deprecated use of @import favouring @use syntax. It seems Angular Material implemented this change somewhere around v11->12
(am also a newbie. This is my best guess).

Watch this YouTube video to get a general idea of the difference.

There is a reason why Google Angular is the most dreaded framework of 2020 on Stack Overflow :) So it depends on the Angular Material version you are using

[Long answer]
In Angular Material v11, they seem to use @import syntax, and in v12 they seem to favour @use syntax.

Therefore, you seem to be trying to use a tutorial or theme designed with Angular Material v11 in mind which uses @import syntax and you mix it with @use syntax of Angular Material v12. The biggest difference between the two is that @use syntax causes the SCSS to be prefixed, so the function names change slightly, for example

//angular material v11 which uses @import syntax 
@import '~@angular/material/theming';//notice that the file imported is also different
@include mat-core();

$candy-app-primary: mat-palette($mat-indigo); //notice that functions not Namespaced

$candy-app-accent:  mat-palette($mat-pink, A200, A100, A400);

While the same example using angular material v12 which uses @use syntax

@use '~@angular/material' as mat; 

$candy-app-primary: mat.define-palette(mat.$indigo-palette, 500); //notice that functions are prefixed with Namespace mat. This is a feature of the scss @use  directive
$candy-app-accent: mat.define-palette(mat.$pink-palette, A200, A100, A400);

[I have yet to find a way to find the correct function names across the 2 versions. It is not trivial to migrate a theme manually especially when you are a newbie]

So you can see, its easy to have a missing stylesheet depending on if you are using Material v11 or 12. Good luck