How can I log in to a website using Bash in Linux?
For example, to log in to Stack Overflow I tried many different methods, shown below, but nothing's worked.
wget --save-cookies cookies.txt --keep-session-cookies --post-data="username=blahblah&password=blahblahblha" "https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=head&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2f"
or
curl --user myusername:mypassword https://stackoverflow.com/users/login?ssrc=head&returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2f -v
I tried to inspect the element using Chrome to copy the curl request, but it didn't work (maybe it depends on a cookie and is only valid for a certain period of time).
Note that I need to login with username and password not with a cookie.
Connection: keep-alive in bash.My goal was to build a Bash environment where the current console (or script) could deal interactively with an authenticated HTTPS session. This could be used to address lot of IoT targets, address any provider platform to monitor personal account, etc.
Unfortunately, this could be badly used for stressing or hacking web platforms (targeting anyone) or even to targeting Stack Overflow's Fanatic badge (dirty cheater!).
My apologies for any bad use of this. Anyway, I'm not responsible of what people do.
... and gpg, but you're free to store your credential in another way.
Preparing some values:
#!/bin/bash
shopt -s extglob
URL='https://stackoverflow.com/'
IFS=: read -r user pass < <(gpg -qd <socred.gpg)
IFS=/ read -r _ _ hst _ <<<"$URL"
Running the OpenSSL executable as a background task:
exec {wwwE}<> <(: -O)
exec {wwwI}<> <(: -b)
exec {wwwO}< <(exec stdbuf -o0 <&$wwwI 2>&$wwwE \
openssl s_client -quiet -connect "$hst":443 -ign_eof )
osslpid=$!
Then now, there is a little doReq function that will populate:
$cookie and $htstatus, and$hthead, $htbody and $hterr:
doReq() {
hthead=() htbody=() hterr=()
local target=$1 method=${2:-GET} head=true line cookies
printf >&$wwwI '%s\r\n' "$method $target HTTP/1.1" "Host: $hst" \
"User-Agent: aobs/0.01" "Connection: keep-alive" "Accept: */*"
[ "$cookie" ] && printf >&$wwwI '%s' "$cookie"
if [ "$method" = "POST" ];then
printf >&$wwwI '%s\r\n%s\r\n\r\n%s' "Content-Length: ${#3}" \
'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' "$3"
else printf >&$wwwI '\r\n'
fi
read -t 10 -ru $wwwO line
htstatus=${line%$'\r'} ; hthead=("$htstatus")
while read -t .3 -ru $wwwO line;do
[ "${line%$'\r'}" ] || head=false;
if $head ;then
hthead+=("${line%$'\r'}");
case $line in
[sS]et-[cC]ookie:* ) line=${line#*: };
cookies+=("${line%%;*}");;
esac
else htbody+=("${line%$'\r'}") ;fi
done
if read -t 0 -ru $wwwE;then
while read -t .1 -ru $wwwE line;do
hterr+=("${line%$'\r'}")
case $line in
depth* | verify* ) ;;
* ) echo "ERR: $line" ;;
esac ; done ; fi
[ ! -v "cookie" ] && [ "${cookies[0]}" ] &&
printf -v cookie 'Cookie: %s\r\n' "${cookies[@]}"
}
Usage:
doReq /file_part_of_URL [method] [post datas]
doReq /users/login POST "email=$user&password=$pass"
Now show my badges:
doReq /
for ((i=${#htbody[@]};i--;)) ;do
line="${htbody[i]}"
case $line in
*badge1* ) line="${htbody[i-1]}${htbody[i]}${htbody[i+1]}"
line=${line//>+([0-9])</><} line=${line//<*([^>])>}
printf '%b\n' "${line//●/ \\U25cf }" ;;
esac ; done
On my desk, with my account, this prints:
● 13 gold badges ● 88 silver badges ● 112 bronze badges
( at time this was posted! ;-).
Of course, you're now ready to run doReq any time you like, as the connection stays open. We are now in environment/condition cited in the Introduction. (The version on my site does a forever loop, requesting this in a more efficient way, each rounded two minutes (EPOCHSECONDS % 120), up to user interaction. See at the bottom of this.)
Trying a little function, avoid loop over $htbody to be quicker and
showStat() {
local line gold silver bronze item messages reputation
read -r line <<< ${htbody[*]/#!(<span title=*)}
mapfile -t line <<< "${line//\>/$'\n'}"
for item in gold silver bronze; do
printf -v $item ${line[*]/%!(* $item badges<\/span)};
done
messages=${htbody[*]/#!(role=*inbox messages*unread-count=*)};
reputation=${htbody[*]/#!(<li class*your reputation: *)};
printf -v out \
"%b: %d, %b: %'d, %dx\360\237\237\241, %dx\342\232\252, %dx\360\237\237\244"\
\\360\\237\\223\\$((252+( ${messages//[^0-9]}>2?2:${messages//[^0-9]})))\
${messages//[^0-9]} \\360\\237\\230\\216 ${reputation//[^0-9]}\
$gold $silver $bronze
printf '\e]; %s \e\\%s\n' "$out"{,}
}
doReq /; showStat
to show this stat in both standard output and console's title bar
📪: 0, 😎: 71’617, 19x🟡, 131x⚪, 150x🟤
Then:
while ! read -sn1 -t 20;do doReq /; showStat;done
In case something went wrong, maybe you'd encounter a timeout. Before trying to reconnect, you have to forgot the cookie:
unset cookie
doReq /users/login POST "email=$user&password=$pass"
doReq /; showStat
or if subpid are gone ( ps $! don't show openssl ), you may have to re-run openssl s_client:
unset cookie; exec {wwwO}<&-
exec {wwwO}< <(exec stdbuf -o0 <&$wwwI 2>&$wwwE \
openssl s_client -quiet -connect "$hst":443 -ign_eof )
doReq /users/login POST "email=$user&password=$pass"
doReq /; showStat
Once you're done, before exit, you could stop openssl and close your file descriptor:
(I've added ls and ps as debug commands.)
ls -l /dev/fd/ ; ps --tty $(tty) ufw
kill $osslpid
exec {wwwE}<&-
exec {wwwI}>&-
exec {wwwO}<&-
ls -l /dev/fd/ ; ps --tty $(tty) ufw
This shows:
total 0
lrwx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 0 -> /dev/pts/2
l-wx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 1 -> /dev/pts/2
lrwx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 10 -> pipe:[940266653]
lrwx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 11 -> pipe:[940266654]
lr-x------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 12 -> pipe:[940266655]
lrwx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 2 -> /dev/pts/2
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
user 28110 0.0 0.0 11812 7144 pts/7 Ss jui01 0:02 bash
user 14038 30.0 0.0 9116 4228 pts/7 S+ 13:52 0:00 \_ /bin/bash ./getSo.sh
user 14045 0.5 0.0 9356 5856 pts/7 S+ 13:52 0:00 \_ openssl s_client -quiet -connect stackoverflow.com:443
user 14048 0.0 0.0 12404 3400 pts/7 R+ 13:52 0:00 \_ ps --tty /dev/pts/7 ufw
total 0
lrwx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 0 -> /dev/pts/2
l-wx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 1 -> /dev/pts/2
lrwx------ 1 user user 64 jui 2 13:52 2 -> /dev/pts/2
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
user 28110 0.0 0.0 11812 7144 pts/7 Ss jui01 0:02 bash
user 14038 30.0 0.0 9632 4756 pts/7 S+ 13:52 0:00 \_ /bin/bash ./getSo.sh
user 14051 0.0 0.0 12404 3332 pts/7 R+ 13:52 0:00 \_ ps --tty /dev/pts/7 ufw
The OpenSSL process is done and all three file descriptors become closed.
You could find this script (less condensed), with an extended main loop at getSo.sh.txt, getSo.sh.
2022-09-29 Edit getSo.sh replacing badge1 by badge3. (Script work only if you already earnned at least one bronze badge!! This is a bug, but harmless than previous version which require a gold badge.)