The ceph storage could set and show by openstack quota set[show], but where and how could I set the local storage capability of the all nova computes which has the local storage by images_type = raw in the nova.conf's [libvirt] setting.
I don't think it is possible. Openstack doesn't support local disk quotas.
Local disk usage can be limited by the flavors that a project is permitted to use. This means that it could could be controlled indirectly by instance or VCPU quotas.
For example, if you implemented your flavors with a (max) ratio of 10GB of local disk per VCPU, and limited the VCPUs per compute node to 64, you would be effectively limiting local disk usage to (max) 640GB.