Will aes256 be broken if the sha512 hash of the aes256 password is known?
if the SHA-512 hash of the AES-256 password is known
If an SHA-256 value of an encryption key is known, the encryption key is still hard (=impossible) to recover. Assuming the key is random enough and has no trivial values from the rainbow tables.
Edit:
Does AES Incorporate SHA-512 into its Algorithm?
No, there are completely different things.
SHA-256 is used in PBKDF2 - it's a KDF (key derivate funtion) to generate an encryption key from a human password. The hash is used in form of HMAC-SHA2, so even the sha2 of the original password is known, it cannot be used to recover or compute the encryption key.