Synchronization of non-final field

A warning is showing every time I synchronize on a non-final class field. Here is the code:

public class X  
{  
   private Object o;  

   public void setO(Object o)  
   {  
     this.o = o;  
   }  

   public void x()  
   {  
     synchronized (o) // synchronization on a non-final field  
     {  
     }  
   }  
 } 

so I changed the coding in the following way:

 public class X  
 {  

   private final Object o;       
   public X()
   {  
     o = new Object();  
   }  

   public void x()  
   {  
     synchronized (o)
     {  
     }  
   }  
 }  

I am not sure the above code is the proper way to synchronize on a non-final class field. How can I synchronize a non final field?

First of all, I encourage you to really try hard to deal with concurrency issues on a higher level of abstraction, i.e. solving it using classes from java.util.concurrent such as ExecutorServices, Callables, Futures etc.

That being said, there's nothing wrong with synchronizing on a non-final field per se. You just need to keep in mind that if the object reference changes, the same section of code may be run in parallel. I.e., if one thread runs the code in the synchronized block and someone calls setO(...), another thread can run the same synchronized block on the same instance concurrently.

Synchronize on the object which you need exclusive access to (or, better yet, an object dedicated to guarding it).