Hide area outside of area of interest in ggspatial
I made a map using ggplot2, ggspatial and sf. I used ggspatial so that I could download open source base maps without relying on Google and needing an API key. The ggspatial annotation_map_tile call downloads a set of tiles that provide the base map. I am trying to white out the map outside of the state I am interested in so that the base map only shows within the state.
Here's my code. The dput for the sf object is at the bottom. When you run it, you see a map of New Mexico with a black line outlining the state. I'd like to make the map white outside of the state.
library(ggplot)
library(ggspatial)
library(sf)
ggplot() +
annotation_map_tile(zoom = 7, type = "hikebike") +
geom_sf(data = sf, fill = NA, color = "black", lwd = 2)
I tried two things. First, I though about somehow inverting the fill argument in geom_sf, but don't think there's a way to do that. My other attempt was to include all states in an extra geom_sf call and fill those white. That might have worked but it required downloading over 4,000 map tiles, which I'd like to avoid, even though map tiles can be saved using the cachedir argument.
sf <- structure(list(GEOID = "35", geometry = structure(list(structure(list(
list(structure(c(-109.050044, -109.050173, -109.049843, -109.049813,
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-103.057487, -103.057856, -103.059242, -103.05972, -103.060103,
-103.063905, -103.06398, -103.064452, -103.064625, -103.064679,
-103.064657, -103.064569, -103.064701, -103.064862, -103.064807,
-103.064916, -103.064889, -103.064672, -103.064699, -103.064711,
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-103.875476, -103.980179, -104.024521, -104.531756, -104.531937,
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31.499798, 31.499742, 31.333395, 31.333191, 31.332365, 31.332301,
31.332315, 31.332502), .Dim = c(401L, 2L)))), class = c("XY",
"MULTIPOLYGON", "sfg"))), class = c("sfc_MULTIPOLYGON", "sfc"
), precision = 0, bbox = structure(c(xmin = -109.050173, ymin = 31.332301,
xmax = -103.001964, ymax = 37.000232), class = "bbox"), crs = structure(list(
input = "EPSG:4326", wkt = "GEOGCRS[\"WGS 84\",\n DATUM[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",\n ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,\n LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]]],\n PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,\n ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n CS[ellipsoidal,2],\n AXIS[\"geodetic latitude (Lat)\",north,\n ORDER[1],\n ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n AXIS[\"geodetic longitude (Lon)\",east,\n ORDER[2],\n ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433]],\n USAGE[\n SCOPE[\"Horizontal component of 3D system.\"],\n AREA[\"World.\"],\n BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],\n ID[\"EPSG\",4326]]"), class = "crs"), n_empty = 0L)), row.names = c(NA,
-1L), sf_column = "geometry", agr = structure(c(GEOID = NA_integer_), .Label = c("constant",
"aggregate", "identity"), class = "factor"), class = c("sf",
"tbl_df", "tbl", "data.frame"))
Solution
You can create a big white mask around NM state, and overlay it over the annotation. It will clip the outside area.
You can get the NM state outline via {tigris} - highly recommended for any kind US vector data - and create the mask via a combination of sf::st_buffer() and sf::st_difference().
As the mask reaches, by necessity, outside of the plot area you will need to set the x and y limits of your plot by including a coord_sf() call.
Consider this code:
nm <- tigris::states() %>%
filter(STUSPS == "NM")
big_white <- st_buffer(nm, units::as_units(150, "km")) %>%
st_difference(nm)
ggplot() +
annotation_map_tile(zoom = 7, type = "hikebike") +
geom_sf(data = sf, fill = NA, color = "black", lwd = 2) +
geom_sf(data = big_white, fill = "white", color = NA) +
coord_sf(xlim = c(-102.5, -109), ylim = c(31.5, 37), crs = 4326)
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