How do you do 3D rendering in Gtk+ using OpenGL?
I've been searching around the internet a lot for a way to use 3D graphics inside my Gtk application and I have found Gtk Glarea, but I can't find any tutorials. Does anyone have any recommendations?
Solution
Here is a demonstration of how to draw a spinning cube in Gtk 3 with OpenGL3.3 in C++:
/* OpenGL Area
*
* GtkGLArea is a widget that allows custom drawing using OpenGL calls.
*/
// compiling with: g++ gl_draw_area.cpp `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0`
// \ `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0` -lepoxy
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <epoxy/gl.h>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <iostream>
unsigned int WIDTH = 800;
unsigned int HEIGHT = 600;
using glm::mat4;
using glm::vec3;
using glm::lookAt;
using glm::perspective;
using glm::rotate;
const GLchar *VERTEX_SOURCE =
"#version 330\n"
"in vec3 position;\n"
"in vec3 normal;\n"
"out vec3 transformedNormal;\n"
"out vec3 originalNormal;\n"
"uniform mat4 projection;\n"
"uniform mat4 view;\n"
"uniform mat4 model;\n"
"void main(){\n"
" gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(position, 1.0);\n"
" mat3 normalMatrix = transpose(inverse(mat3(view * model)));\n"
" transformedNormal = normalMatrix * normal;\n"
" originalNormal = abs(normal);\n"
"}\n";
const GLchar *FRAGMENT_SOURCE =
"#version 330\n"
"in vec3 transformedNormal;\n"
"in vec3 originalNormal;\n"
"out vec4 outputColor;\n"
"void main() {\n"
"vec3 color = originalNormal;\n"
"float lighting = abs(dot(transformedNormal, vec3(0,0,-1)));\n"
"outputColor = vec4(color * lighting, 1.0f);\n" //constant white
"}";
/* the GtkGLArea widget */
static GtkWidget *gl_area = NULL;
/* The object we are drawing */
static const GLfloat vertex_data[] = {
1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0,
1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0,-1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0,-1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-1.0, -1.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0,
1.0,-1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0,
-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0,
-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0, -1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
1.0, -1.0, 1.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
1.0, -1.0,-1.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
1.0, -1.0, -1.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
1.0, 1.0, -1.0,1.0, 0.0, 0.0
};
long current_frame = 0.0;
long delta_time = 0.0;
GDateTime *last_frame;
int dt = 0;
static GLuint position_buffer;
static GLuint program;
static GLuint vao;
mat4 model = mat4(1.0);
/* Create and compile a shader */
static GLuint
create_shader (int type)
{
GLuint shader;
int status;
shader = glCreateShader (type);
if (type== GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER){
glShaderSource (shader, 1, &FRAGMENT_SOURCE, NULL);
}
if (type== GL_VERTEX_SHADER){
glShaderSource (shader, 1, &VERTEX_SOURCE, NULL);
}
glCompileShader (shader);
glGetShaderiv (shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &status);
if (status == GL_FALSE)
{
int log_len;
char *buffer;
glGetShaderiv (shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &log_len);
buffer = (char*)g_malloc (log_len + 1);
glGetShaderInfoLog (shader, log_len, NULL, buffer);
g_warning ("Compile failure in %s shader:\n%s",
type == GL_VERTEX_SHADER ? "vertex" : "fragment",
buffer);
g_free (buffer);
glDeleteShader (shader);
return 0;
}
return shader;
}
/* We need to set up our state when we realize the GtkGLArea widget */
static void
realize (GtkWidget *widget)
{
GdkGLContext *context;
gtk_gl_area_make_current (GTK_GL_AREA (widget));
if (gtk_gl_area_get_error (GTK_GL_AREA (widget)) != NULL)
return;
context = gtk_gl_area_get_context (GTK_GL_AREA (widget));
/* We only use one VAO, so we always keep it bound */
glGenVertexArrays (1, &vao);
glBindVertexArray (vao);
/* This is the buffer that holds the vertices */
glGenBuffers (1, &position_buffer);
glBindBuffer (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, position_buffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(vertex_data),vertex_data,GL_STATIC_DRAW);
glVertexAttribPointer (0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
glEnableVertexAttribArray (0);
glVertexAttribPointer (1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
glEnableVertexAttribArray (1);
glBindBuffer (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
GLuint vertex, fragment;
int status;
vertex = create_shader (GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
if (vertex == 0)
{
return;
}
fragment = create_shader (GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
if (fragment == 0)
{
glDeleteShader (vertex);
return;
}
program = glCreateProgram ();
glAttachShader (program, vertex);
glAttachShader (program, fragment);
glLinkProgram (program);
glGetProgramiv (program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);
if (status == GL_FALSE)
{
int log_len;
char *buffer;
glGetProgramiv (program, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &log_len);
buffer = (char*)g_malloc (log_len + 1);
glGetProgramInfoLog (program, log_len, NULL, buffer);
g_warning ("Linking failure:\n%s", buffer);
g_free (buffer);
glDeleteProgram (program);
program = 0;
glDeleteShader (vertex);
glDeleteShader (fragment);
return;
}
glDetachShader (program, vertex);
glDetachShader (program, fragment);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glFrontFace(GL_CCW);
glCullFace(GL_BACK);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
/* We should tear down the state when unrealizing */
static void
unrealize (GtkWidget *widget)
{
gtk_gl_area_make_current (GTK_GL_AREA (widget));
if (gtk_gl_area_get_error (GTK_GL_AREA (widget)) != NULL)
return;
glDeleteBuffers (1, &position_buffer);
glDeleteProgram (program);
}
static void
draw_box (long delta_time)
{
/* Use our shaders */
glUseProgram (program);
model = rotate(model, (float)delta_time/1000, vec3(1,1,0));
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(program, "model"), 1, GL_FALSE, &model[0][0]);
vec3 position = vec3(0,0,5);
vec3 front = vec3(0,0,-1);
vec3 up = vec3(0,1,0);
mat4 view = lookAt(position, position + front, up);
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(program, "view"), 1, GL_FALSE, &view[0][0]);
mat4 projection = perspective(45.0, double(WIDTH)/double(HEIGHT), 0.1, 100.0);
glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(program, "projection"), 1, GL_FALSE, &projection[0][0]);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
/* Use the vertices in our buffer */
/* Draw the three vertices as a triangle */
glDrawArrays (GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
/* We finished using the buffers and program */
glBindVertexArray(0);
glDisableVertexAttribArray (0);
glBindBuffer (GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
glUseProgram (0);
}
static gboolean
render (GtkGLArea *area,
GdkGLContext *context)
{
GDateTime *date_time;
date_time = g_date_time_new_now_local();
current_frame = g_date_time_get_microsecond(date_time);
delta_time = g_date_time_difference(date_time, last_frame) / 1000;
last_frame = date_time;
if (gtk_gl_area_get_error (area) != NULL)
return FALSE;
/* Clear the viewport */
glClearColor (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
/* Draw our object */
draw_box (delta_time);
/* Flush the contents of the pipeline */
glFlush ();
gtk_gl_area_queue_render (area);
return TRUE;
}
static void
on_axis_value_change (void)
{
gtk_widget_queue_draw (gl_area);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
GtkWidget *window, *box;
/* initialize gtk */
gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
/* Create new top level window. */
window = gtk_window_new( GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_default_size (GTK_WINDOW(window),WIDTH,HEIGHT);
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "GL Area");
gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 10);
box = gtk_box_new (GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, FALSE);
g_object_set (box, "margin", 12, NULL);
gtk_box_set_spacing (GTK_BOX (box), 6);
gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), box);
gl_area = gtk_gl_area_new ();
gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX(box), gl_area,1,1, 0);
/* We need to initialize and free GL resources, so we use
* the realize and unrealize signals on the widget
*/
g_signal_connect (gl_area, "realize", G_CALLBACK (realize), NULL);
g_signal_connect (gl_area, "unrealize", G_CALLBACK (unrealize), NULL);
/* The main "draw" call for GtkGLArea */
g_signal_connect (gl_area, "render", G_CALLBACK (render), NULL);
/* Quit form main if got delete event */
g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "delete-event",
G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
gtk_widget_show_all(GTK_WIDGET(window));
gtk_main();
return 0;
}
Result:
And here is a "hello triangle" example in pygtk if you want a minimal python example.
- Storing value infinity to a variable
- C compilers default behavior with constants
- Reading a 4 bytes date (big endian) from binary file
- -Werror=format: how can the compiler know
- check unused variable in C project
- When using clang on OSX, what controls the automatically added command line options?
- How to avoid using printf in a signal handler?
- Remove console window with SDL application
- gcc-arm-none-eabi 11.3 "is not implemented and will always fail"
- is this the right way to use Includes in C?
- Unexpected output from right rotate function
- How can I convert virtual address from user space to physical address?(in linux device driver)
- What is the difference between open and creat system call in c?
- Are all elements of the dirent structure open to use?
- Is there a way to utilize all XMM registers?
- In the C if-else statement, should the condition which is more likely to be true come first?
- Optimization for global and static variables
- Having trouble with char and scanf_s()
- Allegro error in DevC++
- Compress string using bits Operation in C
- What is the difference in atomic_load() and assignment?
- bind: invalid arguments AF_UNIX
- Explicit cast of nested pointers and const qualification
- Ignoring or redefining GCC Standard Predefined Macros
- Format strings safely when vsnprintf is not available
- How can I print to standard error in C with 'printf'?
- __STDC_LIB_EXT1__ availability in gcc and clang
- How to reassign void pointer pointing to a string to a new string in C
- memset() or value initialization to zero out a struct?
- Can quicksort be implemented in C without stack and recursion?