java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError，After Upgrade kotlin gradle plugin to 1.5.20

I want upgrade kotlin gradle plugin from 1.4.32 to 1.5.20，but some code occurred error in lower android version device，such as Xiaomi 5.1.1 & Oppo 6.0.1 & Pixel2 6.0, but it normal in Android 10 devices.

The error info:

java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Couldn't find com.example.kotlinupgradedemo.ProgressDialogKt.<clinit>[]
    at libcore.reflect.AnnotationAccess.indexToMethod(AnnotationAccess.java:608)
    at libcore.reflect.AnnotationAccess.getEnclosingMethodOrConstructor(AnnotationAccess.java:405)
    at java.lang.Class.isLocalClass(Class.java:1334)
    at java.lang.Class.getCanonicalName(Class.java:378)
    at androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycling.resolveObserverCallbackType(Lifecycling.java:153)
    at androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycling.getObserverConstructorType(Lifecycling.java:146)
    at androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycling.lifecycleEventObserver(Lifecycling.java:83)
    at androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleRegistry$ObserverWithState.<init>(LifecycleRegistry.java:347)
    at androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleRegistry.addObserver(LifecycleRegistry.java:174)
    at com.example.kotlinupgradedemo.ProgressDialogKt.showProgress(ProgressDialog.kt:36)
    at com.example.kotlinupgradedemo.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.kt:12)

My some code(ProgressDialog.kt):

private val ownerToProgressMap = mutableMapOf<LifecycleOwner, Dialog>()

private val progressCleaner = object : LifecycleObserver {
    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
    fun onDestroy(owner : LifecycleOwner) {
        ownerToProgressMap.remove(owner)?.dismiss()
        owner.lifecycle.removeObserver(this)
    }
}

fun LifecycleOwner.showProgress() {
    val context = when (this) {
        is Activity -> this
        is Fragment -> this.context
        else -> null
    } ?: return

    ownerToProgressMap[this]
        ?.apply { show() }
        ?: Dialog(context).also {
            it.setTitle("Tips")
            it.show()
        }.let {
            ownerToProgressMap[this] = it
            this.lifecycle.addObserver(progressCleaner)
        }
}

fun LifecycleOwner.dismissProgress() {
    ownerToProgressMap[this]?.dismiss()
}

I just call it in MainActivity:

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        showProgress()
    }
}

For the complete code, see demo

Take a look to AnnotationAccess.java.

Especially lines

    try {
        return name.equals("<init>")
            ? declaringClass.getDeclaredConstructor(parametersArray)
            : declaringClass.getDeclaredMethod(name, parametersArray);
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
        throw new IncompatibleClassChangeError("Couldn't find " + declaringClass.getName()
                                               + "." + name + Arrays.toString(parametersArray));
    }

Then look to Class::getDeclaredMethod documentation.

Returns a Method object that reflects the specified declared method of the class or interface represented by this Class object. ... If the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a NoSuchMethodException is raised.

Kotlin global property and companion object property initialization compiles to Java static initialization block aka <clinit>.

Puzzle complete. Move LifecycleObserver declaration from static property somewhere else and problem will be solved.

Why Android 5 and 6 only? I think it's just getDeclaredMethod implementation differences. We see crashes on Android 5 and 6 only too.