I want to iterate over all the columns using dbt.
I think the star macro from the dbt-utils package + some for-loop logic might help you here? This depends on the exact use case and warehouse you're using (as pointed out in the comments).
The star macro generates a list of columns in the table provided.
So a possible approach would be something along the lines of:
{% for col in adapter.get_columns_in_relation(ref('my_model')) }}] %}
...operation...
{% endfor %}