Changing the Style of a specific element by Checkbox:Checked

I am using a checkbox as a way to modify the other element's style. Is it possible for a checkbox to affect other classes/elements of the website.

I have a sample html code below, instead of changing label element, is it possible to change the styling of the first div instead.

ul li {
  display: inline-block;
}

ul li input[type="checkbox"]:checked+label {
  border: 2px solid gray;
  background-color: gray;
  color: #fff;
  transition: all .2s;
}

ul li {
  padding: 20px;
  margin: 20px;
}

ul li input[type="checkbox"] {
  display: absolute;
}

ul li input[type="checkbox"] {
  position: absolute;
  opacity: 0;
}

ul li label {
  padding: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

<div class="modify-box">
  BOX TO CHANGED
</div>
<ul>
  <li>
    <input type="checkbox" id="vehicle1" name="vehicle1" value="Bike">
    <label for="vehicle1"> Bike</label><br>
  </li>
  <li>
    <input type="checkbox" id="vehicle2" name="vehicle2" value="Car">
    <label for="vehicle2"> Car</label><br>
  </li>
  <li>
    <input type="checkbox" id="vehicle3" name="vehicle3" value="Boat">
    <label for="vehicle3"> Boat</label><br>
  </li>
</ul>

Solution

There is a way to make this happen, but it's to use exactly the same "trick" with which you style the <label> elements, specifically by moving the <input> elements ahead of the element you wish to style.

With that in mind, if the <input> elements are preceding siblings of the <div>, then checking, and unchecking, the <input> can have an effect on the <div>, and also the original <label> elements as well.

As a crude example:

input[type="checkbox"][name^="vehicle"] {
  display: absolute;
  position: absolute;
  opacity: 0;
}

/* styles the <div> based on the checked/unchecked state
   of the <input> (this example assumes that the same
   highlight colour should be used regardless of which
   <input> is checked: */
input[type="checkbox"][name^="vehicle"]:checked ~ div {
  background-color: #ccc;
}

/* this is where it becomes obvious that JavaScript (or,
   ideally, a CSS selector that can refer to an attribute-
   variable) makes more sense; though with a CSS
   pre-processor this can be written effectively enough.
   Here when the #vehicle1 element is checked the <label>
   descendents with a "for" attribute equal to "vehicle1" of
   later-sibling <ul> elements are selected and styled: */
#vehicle1:checked~ul label[for=vehicle1] {
  background-color: gray;
}

/* as above, for the "vehicle2" id and for attributes: */
#vehicle2:checked~ul label[for=vehicle2] {
  background-color: gray;
}

#vehicle3:checked~ul label[for=vehicle3] {
  background-color: gray;
}

ul li {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 20px;
  margin: 20px;
}

ul li label {
  padding: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle1" name="vehicle1" value="Bike">
<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle2" name="vehicle2" value="Car">
<input type="checkbox" id="vehicle3" name="vehicle3" value="Boat">
<div class="modify-box">
  BOX TO CHANGED
</div>
<ul>
  <li>
    <label for="vehicle1"> Bike</label><br>
  </li>
  <li>
    <label for="vehicle2"> Car</label><br>
  </li>
  <li>
    <label for="vehicle3"> Boat</label><br>
  </li>
</ul>