[SOLVED] Activity leaked after orientation change after using AndroidX Navigation Compose

The MainActivity gets leaked after the second time the orientation changes, but only after navigating to a new destination using the navHostController.

A working project where this can be reproduced is available here.

These are the reproduction steps:

Run the app (it will load the FooScreen, that only contains a TopAppBar and a Button).
Click the "Open Bar screen" Button (it will load the BarScreen, that only contains a TopAppBar)
Change the orientation of the device from portrait to landscape
Change the orientation back to portrait

At this point you should see StrictMode complaining about the leak inside the logcat:

2021-11-02 16:23:20.672 31230-31230/com.leinardi.template E/StrictMode: class com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity; instances=2; limit=1
    android.os.StrictMode$InstanceCountViolation: class com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity; instances=2; limit=1
        at android.os.StrictMode.setClassInstanceLimit(StrictMode.java:1)

The LeakCanary notification should also be visible . This is the LeakCanary log:


┬───
│ GC Root: System class
│
├─ leakcanary.internal.InternalLeakCanary class
│    Leaking: NO (MainActivity↓ is not leaking and a class is never leaking)
│    ↓ static InternalLeakCanary.resumedActivity
├─ com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity instance
│    Leaking: NO (Activity#mDestroyed is false)
│    mApplication instance of com.leinardi.template.Template
│    mBase instance of android.app.ContextImpl
│    ↓ MainActivity.navHostController
│                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
├─ androidx.navigation.NavHostController instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 5.5 kB in 140 objects
│    activity instance of com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity with mDestroyed = false
│    context instance of com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity with mDestroyed = false
│    lifecycleOwner instance of com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity with mDestroyed = false
│    ↓ NavController.viewModel
│                    ~~~~~~~~~
├─ androidx.navigation.NavControllerViewModel instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 128.4 kB in 2406 objects
│    ↓ NavControllerViewModel.viewModelStores
│                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
├─ java.util.LinkedHashMap instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 128.3 kB in 2404 objects
│    ↓ LinkedHashMap.header
│                    ~~~~~~
├─ java.util.LinkedHashMap$LinkedHashMapEntry instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 32 B in 1 objects
│    ↓ LinkedHashMap$LinkedHashMapEntry.after
│                                       ~~~~~
├─ java.util.LinkedHashMap$LinkedHashMapEntry instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 127.8 kB in 2389 objects
│    ↓ HashMap$HashMapEntry.value
│                           ~~~~~
├─ androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelStore instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 127.7 kB in 2388 objects
│    ↓ ViewModelStore.mMap
│                     ~~~~
├─ java.util.HashMap instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 127.7 kB in 2387 objects
│    ↓ HashMap.table
│              ~~~~~
├─ java.util.HashMap$HashMapEntry[] array
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 127.7 kB in 2385 objects
│    ↓ HashMap$HashMapEntry[].[1]
│                             ~~~
├─ java.util.HashMap$HashMapEntry instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 126.6 kB in 2348 objects
│    ↓ HashMap$HashMapEntry.value
│                           ~~~~~
├─ androidx.navigation.compose.BackStackEntryIdViewModel instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 126.5 kB in 2347 objects
│    ↓ BackStackEntryIdViewModel.saveableStateHolder
│                                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
├─ androidx.compose.runtime.saveable.SaveableStateHolderImpl instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 126.4 kB in 2343 objects
│    ↓ SaveableStateHolderImpl.parentSaveableStateRegistry
│                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
├─ androidx.compose.ui.platform.DisposableSaveableStateRegistry instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 125.9 kB in 2321 objects
│    ↓ DisposableSaveableStateRegistry.onDispose
│                                      ~~~~~~~~~
├─ androidx.compose.ui.platform.DisposableSaveableStateRegistry_androidKt$DisposableSaveableStateRegistry$1 instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 125.6 kB in 2312 objects
│    Anonymous subclass of kotlin.jvm.internal.Lambda
│    ↓ DisposableSaveableStateRegistry_androidKt$DisposableSaveableStateRegistry$1.$androidxRegistry
│                                                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
├─ androidx.savedstate.SavedStateRegistry instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 125.6 kB in 2310 objects
│    ↓ SavedStateRegistry.mComponents
│                         ~~~~~~~~~~~
├─ androidx.arch.core.internal.SafeIterableMap instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 125.5 kB in 2309 objects
│    ↓ SafeIterableMap.mEnd
│                      ~~~~
├─ androidx.arch.core.internal.SafeIterableMap$Entry instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 125.3 kB in 2302 objects
│    ↓ SafeIterableMap$Entry.mValue
│                            ~~~~~~
├─ androidx.activity.ComponentActivity$$ExternalSyntheticLambda1 instance
│    Leaking: UNKNOWN
│    Retaining 125.3 kB in 2301 objects
│    f$0 instance of com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity with mDestroyed = true
│    ↓ ComponentActivity$$ExternalSyntheticLambda1.f$0
│                                                  ~~~
╰→ com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity instance
     Leaking: YES (ObjectWatcher was watching this because com.leinardi.template.ui.MainActivity received
     Activity#onDestroy() callback and Activity#mDestroyed is true)
     Retaining 125.3 kB in 2300 objects
     key = 2c6ea34a-19c0-4d26-a5ec-88625d79531f
     watchDurationMillis = 42581
     retainedDurationMillis = 37580
     mApplication instance of com.leinardi.template.Template
     mBase instance of android.app.ContextImpl
METADATA
Build.VERSION.SDK_INT: 24
Build.MANUFACTURER: Google
LeakCanary version: 2.7
App process name: com.leinardi.template
Stats: LruCache[maxSize=3000,hits=1619,misses=30537,hitRate=5%]
RandomAccess[bytes=1518368,reads=30537,travel=10623307269,range=18917491,size=20769812]
Heap dump reason: user request
Analysis duration: 1249 ms

Things I have noticed:

the leak happens only after the 2nd change of orientation (so, if you start with the phone in portrait, when you go back from landscape to portrait)
the leak happens also on the Debug screen, if I navigate to it using the nav component
the leak does not happen if the Bar screen is accessed via deep link (adb shell am start -d "template://bar" -a android.intent.action.VIEW)
the leak does not happen if use the navigate up button of the top app bar to go back from Bar screen to Foo screen (Foo screen never leaks)
reproducible on API level 24, 28 and 30 (I did not test on other levels)

Things I've already tried:

Remove the instance of the nav host from the activity (lateinit var navHostController: NavHostController)
Use rememberCoroutineScope() instead of LaunchedEffect() for the templateNavigator.destinations.collect {} (MainActivity.kt:71)

I've also tried to use the Android Studio Profiled to investigate the leak, but I wasn't really successful. Here some screehsots:

I have the suspect that this could be a bug of some AndroidX library, but maybe I'm just doing something wrong.

The repro project is not exactly streamlined: it's a multi module single activity MVVM-MVI Compose only template project that I'm building. Is not done yet but most of the things should be in place.

This is the overview of the modules:

In short, the App only has the single Activity with no logic beside setting up the nav host. The navigation logic is inside the core-navigation. Each feature module provides UI and business logic. Currently there are 3 features with 1 screen each: Foo, Bar and Debug. Foo screen has only one button that leads to Bar screen. The leak happens inside Bar screen, if you rotate the device twice. It does not happen if you access Bar via Deeplink.