How to arrange data fetched from mysql as per columns in html table?

I have data from mysql coming in this format (The term goes upto 9 and course could be more in a Term. The assessed column could have an empty value or single value):

I want to show this table in the following table format using PHP:

I am using following PHP script to get desirable results but all it does is put everything into one column:

Here, semester is an array of Term, course is an array of course and level is an array of assessed.

$j=1;
for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++){
if($semester[$i] == $semester[$j]){
echo $semester[$i];
echo $semester[$j];
echo '<td>'.$courses[$i]." ".$level[$i].'</td></tr>';
}
else
{
echo'<tr>';
echo'<td>'.$courses[$i]." ".$level[$i].'</td>';
echo'</tr>';
}
$j++;
}

A simple approach would be to first group the courses by terms in a 2D array: first dimension is the term, second dimension represents courses of each term

$groupedByTerm = [];
foreach ($courses as $course) {
    if (! isset($groupedByTerm[$course['term']])) {
        $groupedByTerm[$course['term']] = [];
    }
    $groupedByTerm[$course['term']][] = $course['course'];
}

So the snippet above would transform an initial array represented like this:

// representation of the $courses array
[
    ['term' => 1, 'course' => 'Course A'],
    ['term' => 1, 'course' => 'Course B'],
    ['term' => 2, 'course' => 'Course C'],
    ['term' => 3, 'course' => 'Course D'],
    ['term' => 3, 'course' => 'Course E'],
];

into this

// representation of the $groupedByTerm array after running the snippet
[
    1 => ['Course A', 'Course B'],
    2 => ['Course C'],
    3 => ['Course D', 'Course E'],
];

Then, for building a table,using the data structure above, you will loop until all the terms are empty, which can be done with a do-while that will complete when all the arrays for each terms are empty:

$row = 0;
$row = 0;
do {
    $hasData = false;
    echo '<tr>';
    if ($row == 0) {
        echo '<td>Course</td>';
    } else {
        echo '<td></td>';
    }
    foreach ($groupedByTerm as $term) {
        echo '<td>';
        if (is_array($term) && isset($term[$row])) {
            $hasData = true;
            echo $term[$row];
        }
        echo '</td>';
    }
    echo '</tr>';
    $row++;

} while($hasData);

The implementation above is what would render the body of the table. I simply use echo statements but you could accumulate the string in a variable.