I updated from ruby 2.7.1 to 3.1.1, then removed Gemfile.lock and ran bundle update (it's on a dev branch, so I can throw it away if this is a bad idea, I just wanted to see if it would work).
bundle update succeeds, but when I start the server:
rails s
=> Booting Puma
=> Rails 7.0.2.2 application starting in development
=> Run `bin/rails server --help` for more startup options
Exiting
/Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:430:in `visit_Psych_Nodes_Alias': Unknown alias: default (Psych::BadAlias)
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:30:in `visit'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:6:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:35:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:345:in `block in revive_hash'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:343:in `each'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:343:in `each_slice'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:343:in `revive_hash'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:167:in `visit_Psych_Nodes_Mapping'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:30:in `visit'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:6:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:35:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:345:in `block in revive_hash'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:343:in `each'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:343:in `each_slice'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:343:in `revive_hash'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:167:in `visit_Psych_Nodes_Mapping'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:30:in `visit'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:6:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:35:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:318:in `visit_Psych_Nodes_Document'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:30:in `visit'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/visitor.rb:6:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych/visitors/to_ruby.rb:35:in `accept'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych.rb:335:in `safe_load'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/psych.rb:370:in `load'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker/env.rb:30:in `available_environments'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker/env.rb:21:in `current'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker/env.rb:15:in `inquire'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker/env.rb:7:in `inquire'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker/instance.rb:11:in `env'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker/instance.rb:18:in `config'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker.rb:34:in `config'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/webpacker-4.3.0/lib/webpacker/railtie.rb:32:in `block in <class:Engine>'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:372:in `initialize!'
from /Users/st/rails/hangswith/config/environment.rb:5:in `<main>'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/bootsnap-1.10.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/bootsnap-1.10.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:35:in `require'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/bootsnap-1.10.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:42:in `require_relative'
from config.ru:3:in `block in <main>'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/rack-2.2.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:116:in `eval'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/rack-2.2.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:116:in `new_from_string'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/rack-2.2.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:105:in `load_file'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/rack-2.2.3/lib/rack/builder.rb:66:in `parse_file'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/rack-2.2.3/lib/rack/server.rb:349:in `build_app_and_options_from_config'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/rack-2.2.3/lib/rack/server.rb:249:in `app'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/rack-2.2.3/lib/rack/server.rb:422:in `wrapped_app'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:76:in `log_to_stdout'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:36:in `start'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:143:in `block in perform'
from <internal:kernel>:90:in `tap'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands/server/server_command.rb:134:in `perform'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor/invocation.rb:127:in `invoke_command'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor.rb:392:in `dispatch'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command/base.rb:87:in `perform'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command.rb:48:in `invoke'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<main>'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/bootsnap-1.10.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
from /Users/st/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/bootsnap-1.10.3/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:30:in `require'
from bin/rails:4:in `<main>'
Googling the 'psych' error message reveals this which may be related. But when I search the entire app for YAML.safe_load (or even just safe_load), there are 0 occurrences of it. (perhaps I should be searching actual gems in my app?).
It was a long shot but based on this comment, I ran gem rdoc --all to update all rdoc documentation. But that didn't help.
The problem is related to the Ruby 3.1 / Psych 4.x incompatibility described in this issue: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17866
Ruby 3.0 comes with Psych 3, while Ruby 3.1 comes with Psych 4, which has a major breaking change (diff 3.3.2 → 4.0.0).
aliases: true argument.aliases keyword.At this point, it seems like anyone, anywhere that wants to load YAML in the same way it worked prior to Ruby 3.1, need to do something like this:
begin
YAML.load(source, aliases: true, **options)
rescue ArgumentError
YAML.load(source, **options)
end
In your case, I suspect you will need to see which Rails version that matches your major version preference includes this patch before you can upgrade to Ruby 3.1.
Personally, wherever I have control of the code that loads YAML, I am adding an extension like this:
module YAML
def self.properly_load_file(path)
YAML.load_file path, aliases: true
rescue ArgumentError
YAML.load_file path
end
end
or, if I want to completely revert this change done in Psych 4, I add this to my code:
module YAML
class << self
alias_method :load, :unsafe_load if YAML.respond_to? :unsafe_load
end
end
This has the advantage of restoring YAML::load, and YAML::load_file (which uses it) to their original glory, and solves everything including libraries that you have no control of, in all Ruby versions.
Lastly, as I mentioned in the comments, in case you prefer a minimally invasive stopgap measure, you might be able to get away with pinning Psych to < 4 in your Gemfile:
gem 'psych', '< 4'
ActiveRecord 7.0.3.1 changed an internal call and it now calls safe_load directly. If you see a Psych related error during rails tests, you might be affected by this change.
To resolve it, you can add this to a new or existing initializer:
# config/initializers/activerecord_yaml.rb
ActiveRecord.use_yaml_unsafe_load = true
You may also use ActiveRecord.yaml_column_permitted_classes to configure the allowed classes instead.
More info in this post.