Failed to launch debug adapter in Visual Studio 2022

If I create an ASP Core MVC (Target Framework 5.0) with Docker support enabled and start it I get:

"One or more errors occurred. Failed to launch debug adapter. Additional information may available in the output window. The operation was cancelled."

This is the debug output:

Enabling DebugAdapterHost.Logging with

DebugAdapterHost.Logging /On /OutputWindow

Gives the following output:

1> DebugAdapterHost version: 16.9.50429.2 commit:ca34bde2a8dfef71e1d0b3bafd2804978bfbe6a9
 1> Starting 'docker' with arguments 'exec -i 7ce0da2e24860812b487ef583433deee7b411229b69c5631dc73027fd0864f1f /bin/sh -c "ID=.; if [ -e /etc/os-release ]; then . /etc/os-release; fi; if [ $ID = alpine ] && [ -e /remote_debugger/linux-musl-x64/vsdbg ]; then VSDBGPATH=/remote_debugger/linux-musl-x64; else VSDBGPATH=/remote_debugger; fi; $VSDBGPATH/vsdbg --interpreter=vscode"'
 1> [DebugAdapter] --> C (initialize-1): {"type":"request","command":"initialize","arguments":{"pathFormat":"path","clientID":"visualstudio","clientName":"Visual Studio","adapterID":"coreclr","locale":"en-US","linesStartAt1":true,"columnsStartAt1":true,"supportsVariableType":true,"supportsRunInTerminalRequest":true,"supportsMemoryReferences":true,"supportsProgressReporting":true,"SupportsMessageBox":true,"supportsHandshakeRequest":true,"supportsVsAdditionalBreakpointBinds":true,"supportsHitCountsChange":true,"supportsVsCustomMessages":true,"supportsVariableEnumerators":true},"seq":1}
 1> ERROR: Debug adapter error output: /bin/sh: 1: /remote_debugger/vsdbg: not found
 1> ERROR: Debug Adapter did not respond to initial requests.
 1> ERROR: Unexpected error

AggregateException: One or more errors occurred.

Aggregate exception: 
    DebugAdapterLaunchException: Failed to launch debug adapter.  Additional information may be available in the output window.

    Failure Location: UserCanceled
    Inner Exception: 
        OperationCanceledException: The operation was canceled.
Inner Exception: 
    DebugAdapterLaunchException: Failed to launch debug adapter.  Additional information may be available in the output window.

Microsoft.VisualStudio.Debugger.VSCodeDebuggerHost.Engine.Implementation.DebuggedProcess.<StartDebugAdapter>b__114_3(Exception ex)
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Debugger.VSCodeDebuggerHost.Utilities.TaskExtensions.<>c__DisplayClass11_0`1.<Catch>b__0(TException ex)
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Debugger.VSCodeDebuggerHost.Utilities.TaskExtensions.<>c__DisplayClass10_0`1.<Catch>b__0(AggregateException ex)

    Failure Location: UserCanceled
    Inner Exception: 
        OperationCanceledException: The operation was canceled.

 1> Debug adapter process exited.
 1> ERROR: One or more errors occurred.

Failed to launch debug adapter.  Additional information may be available in the output window.

The operation was canceled.

I have tried re-installing Docker Desktop and Visual Studio 2022. Windows 11 is fully updated.

I can build and run an Nginx image directly in Docker Desktop without errors so I think it has something to do with my Visual Studio 2022 install.

My setup:

Docker Desktop 4.5.1

Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2022 (64-bit) - 17.1.0

Windows 11 Home

I also tried downgrading to:

Docker Desktop 4.4.4

Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2019 (64-bit)

But with exactly the same result.

It turns out that "/remote_debugger/vsdbg" is indeed missing. It is expected to be found in "C:\Users\username\vsdbg\vs2017u5" on the host.

Deleting the whole directory ("C:\Users\username\vsdbg\vs2017u5") and then pressing F5 forces Visual Studio to re-create the directory and debugging now works.