How to run a bash script on wsl with powershell?

On my current directory on Windows, I have the following script file simple_script.sh:

#!/bin/bash
echo "hi from simple script"

I wish to run this script on wsl via the powershell command line.

Using the wsl command, I could not find a way to tell wsl to invoke the script code.

The following command works (I think)

wsl bash -c "echo hi from simple script"

However when trying to load the script content into a variable and running it does not work as expected:

$simple_script = Get-Content ./simple_script.sh
wsl bash -c $simple_script

Fails with:

bash: -c: option requires an argument

I tried a few variants. using Get-Content with the -Raw flag seems to make the first word in the string to print (but not the whole string). commands that don't contain '"' characters seems to work sometimes. But I haven't found a consistent way.

A similar looking question doesn't seem to work directly with the wsl, and doesn't seem to run a script file that resides on the Windows file system.

The robust and efficient way to execute your shebang-line-based shell script from Windows is via wsl.exe -e

wsl -e ./simple_script.sh # !! ./ is required

Note:

• Without ./ to explicitly indicate that the executable is located in the current directory, the command would fail quietly (only executables located in directories listed in the PATH environment variable can be invoked by name only).

• -e bypasses involvement of a shell on the Linux side, and instead lets a Linux system function interpret the shebang-line-based plain-text file, which automatically honors the specified interpreter.

  • Important: If you get ERROR: CreateProcessEntryCommon:502: execvpe ./t.sh failed 8,^[1] the implication is that your .sh file is either lacking a shebang line or its shebang line is malformed; be sure that your file starts with a line like #!/bin/bash at the very start of the file, and that the file is UTF-8-encoded without a BOM and uses Unix-format LF-only newlines.
    If your script lacks a shebang line and you cannot/don't want to add one, but you know what shell it was written for, invoke it via that shell's executable, e.g.
    wsl -e bash ./simple_script.sh

• Perhaps surprisingly, WSL considers all files located in the Windows file-system, including plain-text ones, to have the executable bit set, which you can easily verify with wsl -e ls -l ./simple_script.sh

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As for what you tried:

# !! WRONG
$simple_script = Get-Content ./simple_script.sh
wsl bash -c $simple_script

The primary problem is that Get-Content by default returns an array of lines, and attempting to use that array as an argument to an external program such as wsl causes the array's elements to be passed as individual arguments.

The immediate fix is to use the -Raw switch, which makes Get-Content return the file content as a single, multi-line string.

However, due to a highly unfortunate, long-standing bug, PowerShell - up to v7.2.x - requires manual \-escaping of embedded " characters in arguments passed to external programs.

• See this answer for details.

Therefore:

# Using -Raw, read the file in full, as a single, multi-line string.
$simple_script = Get-Content -Raw ./simple_script.sh

# !! The \-escaping is needed up to PowerShell 7.2.x
wsl bash -c ($simple_script -replace '"', '\"')

Note that while it is tempting to try to bypass the need to escape by providing the script text via the pipeline (stdin), this does not work as expected, as of PowerShell 7.3.3:

# !! Tempting, but does NOT work.
Get-Content -Raw ./simple_script.sh | wsl -e bash

The reason this doesn't work is that PowerShell invariably appends a Windows-format newline (CRLF) to what is being sent to external programs via the pipeline, which Bash doesn't recognize.

• This problematic behavior is being discussed in GitHub issue #13579.

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^{[1] System error 8 is ENOEXEC, the Exec format error, indicating that while the target file has the appropriate permissions for being executed, its format isn't recognized. This could be due to file corruption, being an executable for the wrong platform or - in the case at hand - due to being a text file that lacks a well-formed shebang line.}