Recently I discovered fly.io as an alternative to Heroku, where they stop to provide their free dynos from November 28th on. There's a guide for how to use Deno mit fly.io and Buildpacks, but non for Spring Boot / Java.
Also I read about the build section in the fly.toml in the docs. Their it's stated to define a builder and buildpacks like this:
[build]
builder = "paketobuildpacks/builder:base"
buildpacks = ["gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/nodejs"]
So for Spring Boot I adopted that into the following config:
[build]
builder = "paketobuildpacks/builder:base"
buildpacks = ["gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot"]
But when I run fly deploy the builder is loaded correctly but inside the DETECTING phase I run into the following error:
$ fly deploy
==> Verifying app config
--> Verified app config
==> Building image
Remote builder fly-builder-little-silence-4534 ready
==> Building image with Buildpacks
--> docker host: 20.10.12 linux x86_64
base: Pulling from paketobuildpacks/builder
b5da66d4625a: Pulling fs layer
...
4f4fb700ef54: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:bbc26d8b7fe183a1d59fba3e19b55d7a1e647de0bbf5aa14be98e328c4b7d777
Status: Downloaded newer image for paketobuildpacks/builder:base
base-cnb: Pulling from paketobuildpacks/run
b5da66d4625a: Already exists
80857de9da00: Already exists
239caa1e3c6f: Pull complete
ed65ad332a5e: Pull complete
4fe6ac7cc235: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cfc9b596bedc7bead1b3714a69dffa1fb17fcb1f7bba5c3faadb40c0b6f5acbd
Status: Downloaded newer image for paketobuildpacks/run:base-cnb
latest: Pulling from paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot
3301de03cfeb: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a6551c90f9af0719233ff4a97408a8ea8054e90f776b592dcbc7f37c03c9518c
Status: Downloaded newer image for gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:latest
===> DETECTING
ERROR: No buildpack groups passed detection.
ERROR: Please check that you are running against the correct path.
ERROR: failed to detect: no buildpacks participating
Error failed to fetch an image or build from source: executing lifecycle: failed with status code: 20
As a common user of Cloud Native Buildpacks (CNB) I found it strange that the fly.io docs stated to define a buildpacks parameter at all. Since one of the many benefits of CNB is that they are detecting what your app needs in order to be build. Including every needed buildpack. So it would only make sense to define the builder, which then detects the buildpacks needed.
And that's also the solution here. You simple need to omit the buildpacks setting in the build configuration. The builder tag is all we need:
[build]
builder = "paketobuildpacks/builder:base"
This should activate the Buildpacks detection for your project correctly and trigger a successful deployment on fly.io. It will also push the image straight to fly.io Docker registry at registry.fly.io/microservice-api-spring-boot. Here's a example output for a fly deploy:
$ fly deploy
==> Verifying app config
--> Verified app config
==> Building image
Remote builder fly-builder-little-silence-4534 ready
==> Building image with Buildpacks
--> docker host: 20.10.12 linux x86_64
base: Pulling from paketobuildpacks/builder
Digest: sha256:bbc26d8b7fe183a1d59fba3e19b55d7a1e647de0bbf5aa14be98e328c4b7d777
Status: Image is up to date for paketobuildpacks/builder:base
base-cnb: Pulling from paketobuildpacks/run
Digest: sha256:cfc9b596bedc7bead1b3714a69dffa1fb17fcb1f7bba5c3faadb40c0b6f5acbd
Status: Image is up to date for paketobuildpacks/run:base-cnb
===> DETECTING
10 of 24 buildpacks participating
paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates 3.3.0
paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica 9.6.1
paketo-buildpacks/syft 1.18.0
paketo-buildpacks/maven 6.7.0
paketo-buildpacks/executable-jar 6.4.0
paketo-buildpacks/apache-tomcat 7.5.0
paketo-buildpacks/apache-tomee 1.2.0
paketo-buildpacks/liberty 2.1.1
paketo-buildpacks/dist-zip 5.3.0
paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot 5.18.0
===> ANALYZING
Previous image with name "registry.fly.io/microservice-api-spring-boot:cache" not found
===> RESTORING
===> BUILDING
Paketo CA Certificates Buildpack 3.3.0
https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates
Launch Helper: Contributing to layer
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_ca-certificates/helper/exec.d/ca-certificates-helper
Paketo BellSoft Liberica Buildpack 9.6.1
https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica
Build Configuration:
$BP_JVM_JLINK_ARGS --no-man-pages --no-header-files --strip-debug --compress=1 configure custom link arguments (--output must be omitted)
$BP_JVM_JLINK_ENABLED false enables running jlink tool to generate custom JRE
$BP_JVM_TYPE JRE the JVM type - JDK or JRE
$BP_JVM_VERSION 11 the Java version
Launch Configuration:
$BPL_DEBUG_ENABLED false enables Java remote debugging support
$BPL_DEBUG_PORT 8000 configure the remote debugging port
$BPL_DEBUG_SUSPEND false configure whether to suspend execution until a debugger has attached
$BPL_HEAP_DUMP_PATH write heap dumps on error to this path
$BPL_JAVA_NMT_ENABLED true enables Java Native Memory Tracking (NMT)
$BPL_JAVA_NMT_LEVEL summary configure level of NMT, summary or detail
$BPL_JFR_ARGS configure custom Java Flight Recording (JFR) arguments
$BPL_JFR_ENABLED false enables Java Flight Recording (JFR)
$BPL_JMX_ENABLED false enables Java Management Extensions (JMX)
$BPL_JMX_PORT 5000 configure the JMX port
$BPL_JVM_HEAD_ROOM 0 the headroom in memory calculation
$BPL_JVM_LOADED_CLASS_COUNT 35% of classes the number of loaded classes in memory calculation
$BPL_JVM_THREAD_COUNT 250 the number of threads in memory calculation
$JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS the JVM launch flags
Using buildpack default Java version 11
BellSoft Liberica JDK 11.0.16: Contributing to layer
Downloading from https://github.com/bell-sw/Liberica/releases/download/11.0.16.1+1/bellsoft-jdk11.0.16.1+1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
Verifying checksum
Expanding to /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/jdk
Adding 127 container CA certificates to JVM truststore
Writing env.build/JAVA_HOME.override
Writing env.build/JDK_HOME.override
BellSoft Liberica JRE 11.0.16: Contributing to layer
Downloading from https://github.com/bell-sw/Liberica/releases/download/11.0.16.1+1/bellsoft-jre11.0.16.1+1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
Verifying checksum
Expanding to /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/jre
Adding 127 container CA certificates to JVM truststore
Writing env.launch/BPI_APPLICATION_PATH.default
Writing env.launch/BPI_JVM_CACERTS.default
Writing env.launch/BPI_JVM_CLASS_COUNT.default
Writing env.launch/BPI_JVM_SECURITY_PROVIDERS.default
Writing env.launch/JAVA_HOME.default
Writing env.launch/JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS.append
Writing env.launch/JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS.delim
Writing env.launch/MALLOC_ARENA_MAX.default
Launch Helper: Contributing to layer
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/active-processor-count
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/java-opts
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/jvm-heap
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/link-local-dns
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/memory-calculator
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/security-providers-configurer
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/jmx
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/jfr
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/security-providers-classpath-9
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/debug-9
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/nmt
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_bellsoft-liberica/helper/exec.d/openssl-certificate-loader
Java Security Properties: Contributing to layer
Writing env.launch/JAVA_SECURITY_PROPERTIES.default
Writing env.launch/JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS.append
Writing env.launch/JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS.delim
Paketo Buildpack for Syft 1.18.0
https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/syft
Downloading from https://github.com/anchore/syft/releases/download/v0.55.0/syft_0.55.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
Verifying checksum
Writing env.build/SYFT_CHECK_FOR_APP_UPDATE.default
Paketo Maven Buildpack 6.7.0
https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/maven
Build Configuration:
$BP_MAVEN_BUILD_ARGUMENTS -Dmaven.test.skip=true --no-transfer-progress package the arguments to pass to Maven
$BP_MAVEN_BUILT_ARTIFACT target/*.[ejw]ar the built application artifact explicitly. Supersedes $BP_MAVEN_BUILT_MODULE
$BP_MAVEN_BUILT_MODULE the module to find application artifact in
$BP_MAVEN_DAEMON_ENABLED false use maven daemon
$BP_MAVEN_POM_FILE pom.xml the location of the main pom.xml file, relative to the application root
$BP_MAVEN_SETTINGS_PATH the path to a Maven settings file
Apache Maven 3.8.6: Contributing to layer
Downloading from https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.8.6/apache-maven-3.8.6-bin.tar.gz
Verifying checksum
Expanding to /layers/paketo-buildpacks_maven/maven
Creating cache directory /home/cnb/.m2
Compiled Application: Contributing to layer
Executing mvn --batch-mode -Dmaven.test.skip=true --no-transfer-progress package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] -------< org.springframework.boot:microservice-api-spring-boot >--------
[INFO] Building microservice-api-spring-boot 2.7.2
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:resources (default-resources) @ microservice-api-spring-boot ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered properties files.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.10.1:compile (default-compile) @ microservice-api-spring-boot ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 6 source files to /workspace/target/classes
[INFO] /workspace/src/main/java/de/jonashackt/springbootvuejs/configuration/WebSecurityConfiguration.java: /workspace/src/main/java/de/jonashackt/springbootvuejs/configuration/WebSecurityConfiguration.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
[INFO] /workspace/src/main/java/de/jonashackt/springbootvuejs/configuration/WebSecurityConfiguration.java: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:testResources (default-testResources) @ microservice-api-spring-boot ---
[INFO] Not copying test resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.10.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ microservice-api-spring-boot ---
[INFO] Not compiling test sources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.2:test (default-test) @ microservice-api-spring-boot ---
[INFO] Tests are skipped.
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:3.2.2:jar (default-jar) @ microservice-api-spring-boot ---
[INFO] Building jar: /workspace/target/microservice-api-spring-boot-2.7.2.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:2.7.2:repackage (repackage) @ microservice-api-spring-boot ---
[INFO] Replacing main artifact with repackaged archive
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 10.274 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-09-12T10:49:04Z
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Removing source code
Restoring application artifact
Paketo Executable JAR Buildpack 6.4.0
https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/executable-jar
Class Path: Contributing to layer
Writing env/CLASSPATH.delim
Writing env/CLASSPATH.prepend
Process types:
executable-jar: java org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher (direct)
task: java org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher (direct)
web: java org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher (direct)
Paketo Buildpack for Spring Boot 5.18.0
https://github.com/paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot
Build Configuration:
$BP_SPRING_CLOUD_BINDINGS_DISABLED false whether to contribute Spring Boot cloud bindings support
Launch Configuration:
$BPL_SPRING_CLOUD_BINDINGS_DISABLED false whether to auto-configure Spring Boot environment properties from bindings
$BPL_SPRING_CLOUD_BINDINGS_ENABLED true Deprecated - whether to auto-configure Spring Boot environment properties from bindings
Creating slices from layers index
dependencies (50.6 MB)
spring-boot-loader (283.6 KB)
snapshot-dependencies (0.0 B)
application (71.5 KB)
Launch Helper: Contributing to layer
Creating /layers/paketo-buildpacks_spring-boot/helper/exec.d/spring-cloud-bindings
Spring Cloud Bindings 1.10.0: Contributing to layer
Downloading from https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/cloud/spring-cloud-bindings/1.10.0/spring-cloud-bindings-1.10.0.jar
Verifying checksum
Copying to /layers/paketo-buildpacks_spring-boot/spring-cloud-bindings
Web Application Type: Contributing to layer
Servlet web application detected
Writing env.launch/BPL_JVM_THREAD_COUNT.default
4 application slices
Image labels:
org.opencontainers.image.title
org.opencontainers.image.version
org.springframework.boot.version
===> EXPORTING
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates:helper'
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:helper'
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:java-security-properties'
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:jre'
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/executable-jar:classpath'
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:helper'
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:spring-cloud-bindings'
Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/spring-boot:web-application-type'
Adding 5/5 app layer(s)
Adding layer 'launcher'
Adding layer 'config'
Adding layer 'process-types'
Adding label 'io.buildpacks.lifecycle.metadata'
Adding label 'io.buildpacks.build.metadata'
Adding label 'io.buildpacks.project.metadata'
Adding label 'org.opencontainers.image.title'
Adding label 'org.opencontainers.image.version'
Adding label 'org.springframework.boot.version'
Setting default process type 'web'
Saving registry.fly.io/microservice-api-spring-boot:cache...
*** Images (28a69cfce36e):
registry.fly.io/microservice-api-spring-boot:cache
registry.fly.io/microservice-api-spring-boot:deployment-01GCRMZ79R99H9RRXFK7H47X3B
Adding cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/bellsoft-liberica:jdk'
Adding cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/syft:syft'
Adding cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/maven:application'
Adding cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/maven:cache'
Adding cache layer 'paketo-buildpacks/maven:maven'
--> Building image done
==> Pushing image to fly
The push refers to repository [registry.fly.io/microservice-api-spring-boot]
1dc94a70dbaa: Pushed
...
4a641e21953d: Pushed
deployment-01GCRMZ79R99H9RRXFK7H47X3B: digest: sha256:5e77e023b3862ec1edffcee1d78c5b23a5ae6957f6028da0bff16e4b7fd5264f size: 4702
--> Pushing image done
image: registry.fly.io/microservice-api-spring-boot:deployment-01GCRMZ79R99H9RRXFK7H47X3B
image size: 296 MB
==> Creating release
--> release v4 created
--> You can detach the terminal anytime without stopping the deployment
==> Monitoring deployment
1 desired, 1 placed, 1 healthy, 0 unhealthy [health checks: 1 total, 1 passing]
--> v4 deployed successfully