How to add GeoTag to TIFF image?

I'm new to Python so forgive my ignorance If I don't have all the info correct. I am trying to add a GeoTag to a photo in TIFF format using the tifffile and numpy library however I am getting the following error


  File "C:\Users\alanw\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\tifffile\tifffile.py", line 2998, in __init__
    raise ValueError(f'invalid mode {mode!r}')

ValueError: invalid mode 'r+'

As far as I know, the piexif library is also used to add a geotag, however, I also received an error when using this library. Below is the code I used:

import tifffile
import numpy as np

# Define the GPS position
lat = (37.7749, 0, 0)  # latitude in degrees, minutes, seconds
lon = (-122.4194, 0, 0)  # longitude in degrees, minutes, seconds

# Convert the GPS coordinates to rational format
lat_rational = np.array(lat, dtype=np.uint32) * [1e6, 60, 3600]
lon_rational = np.array(lon, dtype=np.uint32) * [1e6, 60, 3600]

# Create the GPS tag data
gps_data = {
    0x0002: 'GPSLatitude',
    0x0004: 'GPSLongitude',
    0x0001: 'GPSLatitudeRef',
    0x0003: 'GPSLongitudeRef',
    0x0005: 'GPSAltitudeRef',
    0x0006: 'GPSAltitude',
    0x0007: 'GPSTimeStamp',
    0x0011: 'GPSDOP',
}
gps_data[0x0002] = lat_rational.tolist()
gps_data[0x0004] = lon_rational.tolist()
gps_data[0x0001] = 'N' if lat[0] >= 0 else 'S'
gps_data[0x0003] = 'E' if lon[0] >= 0 else 'W'

# Load the TIFF image and add the GPS tag data
filename = "image_2_normalized.tiff"
with tifffile.TiffFile(filename, mode='r+') as tif:
    gps_ifd = tifffile.TiffPage(gps_data).as_imagej()
    tif.pages[0].tags['GPSTag'] = tifffile.TiffFrame(gps_ifd)

I'm completely new to the subject of metadata so if anyone is able to help me I would be extremely grateful for your generous assistance.

Solution

You don't appear to have provided the text file with the tags you wish to set, so I guessed based on your question.

Here I set the lat/lon and their references per your example above:

lat=37.7749
lon=122.4194
latref=N
lonref=W
exiftool -exif:gpslatitude="${lat}"  -exif:gpslatituderef="${latref}" \
         -exif:gpslongitude="${lon}" -exif:gpslongituderef="${lonref}" image.tif

That results in these tags in the output file:

exiftool image.tif

ExifTool Version Number         : 12.50
File Name                       : image.tif
...
...
Image Width                     : 1024
Image Height                    : 1024
Bits Per Sample                 : 16
Compression                     : Uncompressed
Photometric Interpretation      : BlackIsZero
...
...
Software                        : tifffile.py
GPS Version ID                  : 2.3.0.0
GPS Latitude Ref                : North
GPS Longitude Ref               : West
Image Size                      : 1024x1024
Megapixels                      : 1.0
GPS Latitude                    : 37 deg 46' 29.64" N
GPS Longitude                   : 122 deg 25' 9.84" W
GPS Position                    : 37 deg 46' 29.64" N, 122 deg 25' 9.84" W