Where does the vs-code-runner extension get the information to build and run Kotlin programs?

I have a simple main.kt file in VS Code:

fun main() {
  println("Hello world");
}

I tried pressing F5 (I have a Node background) and it says "You don't have an extension for debugging Kotlin." I installed vscode-runner by HarryHopkinson. F5 still give the same message, but Ctrl-Alt-N builds and runs the program. It seems to be executing the following:

cd "d:\Documents\kotlin\hello" && kotlinc main.kt -include-runtime -d main.jar && java -jar main.jar

From where does vscode-runner get the parameters to execute this set of instructions?

It just uses the executor map setting. The default value is defined in https://github.com/formulahendry/vscode-code-runner/blob/master/package.json, where it currently has the following:

".kt": "cd $dir && kotlinc $fileName -include-runtime -d $fileNameWithoutExt.jar && java -jar $fileNameWithoutExt.jar",
".kts": "kotlinc -script",

More info about the executor map setting and the template variables that can be used in it can be found at https://github.com/formulahendry/vscode-code-runner/blob/master/README.md#configuration.

F5's default binding in VS Code is the following:

{ "key": "f5", "command": "debug.openView",
                  "when": "!debuggersAvailable" },
{ "key": "f5", "command": "workbench.action.debug.start",
                  "when": "debuggersAvailable && debugState == 'inactive'" },
{ "key": "f5", "command": "workbench.action.debug.continue",
                  "when": "debugState == 'stopped'" },