I was following the installation instructions of Ubuntu for RISC-V on QEMU from a book called "RISC-V Assembly Language Programming" by "Stephen Smith" and I faced problem while booting the image. I ran this command:
qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -cpu rv64 -m 2G \
-device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd \
-drive file=ubunturv.img,if=none,id=hd \
-device virtio-net-device,netdev=net \
-netdev user,id=net,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
-bios /usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu/opensbi/generic/fw_jump.elf \
-kernel /usr/lib/u-boot/qemu-riscv64_smode/uboot.elf \
-object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng \
-device virtio-rng-device,rng=rng \
-append "root=LABEL=rootfs console=ttyS0" \
-nographic
And this what was produced:
➜ Downloads qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -cpu rv64 -m 2G -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd -drive file=ubunturv.img,format=raw,if=none,id=hd -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net -netdev user,id=net,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 -bios /usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu/opensbi/generic/fw_jump.elf -kernel /usr/lib/u-boot/qemu-riscv64_smode/uboot.elf -object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng -device virtio-rng-device,rng=rng -append "root=LABEL=rootfs console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=serial,ttyS0,115200 debug" --nographic
OpenSBI v1.3
____ _____ ____ _____
/ __ \ / ____| _ \_ _|
| | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
| | | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \| _ < | |
| |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
\____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|___/_____|
| |
|_|
Platform Name : riscv-virtio,qemu
Platform Features : medeleg
Platform HART Count : 1
Platform IPI Device : aclint-mswi
Platform Timer Device : aclint-mtimer @ 10000000Hz
Platform Console Device : semihosting
Platform HSM Device : ---
Platform PMU Device : ---
Platform Reboot Device : sifive_test
Platform Shutdown Device : sifive_test
Platform Suspend Device : ---
Platform CPPC Device : ---
Firmware Base : 0x80000000
Firmware Size : 194 KB
Firmware RW Offset : 0x20000
Firmware RW Size : 66 KB
Firmware Heap Offset : 0x28000
Firmware Heap Size : 34 KB (total), 2 KB (reserved), 9 KB (used), 22 KB (free)
Firmware Scratch Size : 4096 B (total), 760 B (used), 3336 B (free)
Runtime SBI Version : 1.0
Domain0 Name : root
Domain0 Boot HART : 0
Domain0 HARTs : 0*
Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000002000000-0x000000000200ffff M: (I,R,W) S/U: ()
Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008001ffff M: (R,X) S/U: ()
Domain0 Region02 : 0x0000000080020000-0x000000008003ffff M: (R,W) S/U: ()
Domain0 Region03 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff M: (R,W,X) S/U: (R,W,X)
Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000
Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000082200000
Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode
Domain0 SysReset : yes
Domain0 SysSuspend : yes
Boot HART ID : 0
Boot HART Domain : root
Boot HART Priv Version : v1.10
Boot HART Base ISA : rv64imafdc
Boot HART ISA Extensions : time
Boot HART PMP Count : 16
Boot HART PMP Granularity : 4
Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 54
Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109
U-Boot 2022.01+dfsg-2ubuntu2.5 (Sep 18 2023 - 03:02:43 +0000)
CPU: rv64imafdcsu
Model: riscv-virtio,qemu
DRAM: 2 GiB
Flash: 32 MiB
Loading Environment from nowhere... OK
In: uart@10000000
Out: uart@10000000
Err: uart@10000000
Net: eth0: virtio-net#1
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
Device 0: QEMU VirtIO Block Device
Type: Hard Disk
Capacity: 25088.0 MB = 24.5 GB (51380224 x 512)
... is now current device
Scanning virtio 0:1...
libfdt fdt_check_header(): FDT_ERR_BADMAGIC
Scanning disk virtio-blk#0...
Found 7 disks
** Unable to read file ubootefi.var **
Failed to load EFI variables
BootOrder not defined
EFI boot manager: Cannot load any image
Scanning virtio 0:f...
** Unable to read file / **
Failed to load '/'
libfdt fdt_check_header(): FDT_ERR_BADMAGIC
BootOrder not defined
EFI boot manager: Cannot load any image
Found EFI removable media binary efi/boot/bootriscv64.efi
159744 bytes read in 1 ms (152.3 MiB/s)
libfdt fdt_check_header(): FDT_ERR_BADMAGIC
Booting /efi\boot\bootriscv64.efi
error: no suitable video mode found.
After this, a selection appeared and I choosed to boot with ubuntu, not with advanced options:
GNU GRUB version 2.12
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│*Ubuntu │
│ Advanced options for Ubuntu │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Use the ▲ and ▼ keys to select which entry is highlighted.
Press enter to boot the selected OS, `e' to edit the commands before booting or
`c' for a command-line.
Then the boot process got stuck with these messages:
Loading Linux 6.8.0-31-generic ...
Loading initial ramdisk ...
Loading device tree blob...
EFI stub: Booting Linux Kernel...
EFI stub: EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL unavailable
EFI stub: Loaded initrd from LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID device path
EFI stub: Using DTB from configuration table
EFI stub: Exiting boot services...
I kept waiting maybe I get a prompt or something but nothing happened for 10 minutes. I thought maybe I'm not supposed to get any prompt back and an ssh server is running, so I ran this command ssh ubuntu@localhost:2222 but it was unsuccessful.
The book states that you have to follow these instructions if you work a linux machine (ubuntu).
sudo apt install qemu-system-riscv64
sudo apt install u-boot-qemu opensbiunxz < downloaded_file_name.img.xz > ubunturv.imgsudo qemu-img resize ubunturv.img +10Gqemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt -cpu rv64 -m 2G \
-device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd \
-drive file=ubunturv.img,if=none,id=hd \
-device virtio-net-device,netdev=net \
-netdev user,id=net,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
-bios /usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu/opensbi/generic/fw_jump.elf \
-kernel /usr/lib/u-boot/qemu-riscv64_smode/uboot.elf \
-object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng \
-device virtio-rng-device,rng=rng \
-append "root=LABEL=rootfs console=ttyS0" \
-nographic
I really appreciate if you have any clue how to solve this issue.
I was running into the same problem, but then I realized that the download links at https://ubuntu.com/download/risc-v are incorrect for QEMU. The "Ubuntu Server preinstalled image" button points to:
But that's the image for the SiFive Unmatched board. The download link for QEMU is actually:
Using the appropriate kernel, I was able to successfully boot into Linux following the instructions:
qemu-system-riscv64 \
-machine virt -nographic -m 2048 -smp 4 \
-kernel /usr/lib/u-boot/qemu-riscv64_smode/uboot.elf \
-device virtio-net-device,netdev=eth0 -netdev user,id=eth0 \
-device virtio-rng-pci \
-drive file=ubuntu-24.04-preinstalled-server-riscv64.img,format=raw,if=virtio
(Note that I am using QEMU 9.0.0.)
You can see a complete successfull boot here.