I am trying to solve this challenge:
You have a list of integers of size
n
, that represents costs of products. You have adiscountPrice
which can be used at mostk
times, to buy products.You can buy the products using any one of below options:
- Buy left most product and remove it from list
- Buy right most product and remove it from list
- Buy left most and right most products at a price of
discountPrice
, and remove both from list.Find the minimum price to purchase all products.
Example 1:
- Input:
cost = [1, 2, 3]
,discountPrice = 2
, andk = 1
.- Expected output: 3.
Explanation:
- Purchase left most at price 1, then
cost = [2,3]
- Purchase left most and right most at discountPrice 3, then
cost = []
So minimum cost to buy products is 1+2 = 3
Example 2:
- Input:
cost = [9,11,13,15,17]
,discountPrice = 6
,k = 2
- Expected output: 21
Explanation:
- Purchase left most at 9, then
cost = [11,13,15,17]
- Purchase left most and right most at discountPrice 6, then
cost =
[13,15]`- Purchase left most and right most at discountPrice 6, then
cost =
[]`So minimum cost to buy products is 9+6+6 = 21
Example 3:
- Input:
cost =
[1,1,1],
discountPrice = 3,
k = 1`- Expected: output = 3
Constraints:
- 1 <=
n
<= 105- 1 <=
discountPrice
<= 109- 1 <=
k
<= 105- 1 <=
cost[i]
<= 109Input can be in any order, but has positive integers
Here is my approach using DP:
public static long solve(List<Integer> cost, int discountPrice, int k) {
int n = cost.size();
//dp[i][j] stores the minimum cost to buy products from index i to j without using discount
long[][] dp = new long[n][n];
// Base case: when there's only one product (i == j)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
dp[i][i] = cost.get(i);
}
// subproblems of increasing lengths
for (int length = 2; length <= n; length++) {
for (int i = 0; i <= n - length; i++) {
int j = i + length - 1; // right index of the subproblem
// Option 1: Buy the leftmost
long option1 = cost.get(i) + dp[i + 1][j];
// Option 2: Buy the rightmost
long option2 = cost.get(j) + dp[i][j - 1];
// Option 3: Apply discountPrice (only if k > 0)
long option3 = Long.MAX_VALUE;
if (k > 0) {
option3 = discountPrice + ((length > 2) ? dp[i + 1][j - 1] : 0);
}
// Store the minimum of the three options
dp[i][j] = Math.min(option1, Math.min(option2, option3));
}
}
return dp[0][n - 1];
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(solve(List.of(1, 2, 3), 2, 1)); // Output: 3
System.out.println(solve(List.of(9, 11, 13, 15, 17), 6, 2)); // Output: 21
System.out.println(solve(List.of(1, 1, 1), 3, 1)); // Output: 3
}
The above DP algorithm is taking O(n^2) time and O(n^2) space where n is the size of input list.
I want to reduce both time and space complexity.
You can actually use your discount on any values you want, as long as the number of discounts used is pair\
For example, consider you have a list of 6 values and you want to apply discounts to the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 6th values. You can always represent it as a list [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1], and just when a value on either side is 0, you buy at full price from this side, else you use the discount so that it is used on two 1's.
Knowing this, you can just sort your values, and apply the discount to the next 2 biggest values as long as the total number of discounts is less than 2*k and using the discount will benefit you. The complexity is only O(n log n) because of sorting.
Here's how it would work on your second example:
first you choose 17 and 15, the 2 biggest numbers and use the discount on them, which benefits you. Then you use the discount on 13 and 11, which also benefits you. You have no more discounts left.
Of course, you cannot apply the discounts directly to the pairs of values chose by the algorithm, but we have demonstrated that there will be always a way to apply them as long as their total number is pair and less than 2k