[SOLVED] How can I build a CMake embedded project from CLion without CLion?

Problem

I can't build my embedded C project without using CLion. CMake gives me errors when trying to build my project through a podman machine (Fedora Linux 42). It fails with two potential problems

C Compiler ABI info is not detected
The C compiler cannot compile a simple test program

I am having a hard time finding relevant information on either of these problems. Especially the ABI info detection.

Context

I have an embedded C project which historically has been built on a Windows machine with CLion, but now must be built in a different environment. Building in Windows is an option, but Linux (or a container eventually) is preferred. At present, podman is run on a Windows machine which has WSL to create a virtual machine which will perform the building. Batch scripts run on the Windows machine to interact with the virtual machine through ssh.

The toolchain used is arm-none-eabi, and the installation instructions are fairly minimal. This answer on askUbuntu suggested creating symlinks for the binaries, which I did. I would not be surprised to learn that there is more I should do to get this toolchain to work though!

Failure Details

The following command is run on the podman machine

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=DEBUG -S ~/<project> -B build

The following is the output

-- The C compiler identification is GNU 14.3.1
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 14.3.1
-- The ASM compiler identification is GNU
-- Found assembler: /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - failed
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc - broken
CMake Error at /usr/share/cmake/Modules/CMakeTestCCompiler.cmake:67 (message):
  The C compiler

    "/usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc"

  is not able to compile a simple test program.

  It fails with the following output:

    Change Dir: '/home/user/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-cV5IPi'

    Run Build Command(s): /usr/bin/cmake -E env VERBOSE=1 /usr/bin/gmake -f Makefile cmTC_54e67/fast
    /usr/bin/gmake  -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/build
    gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/user/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-cV5IPi'
    Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/testCCompiler.c.obj
    /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc    -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/testCCompiler.c.obj -c /home/user/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-cV5IPi/testCCompiler.c
    Linking C static library libcmTC_54e67.a
    /usr/bin/cmake -P CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/cmake_clean_target.cmake
    /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
    arm-none-eabi-ar qc libcmTC_54e67.a CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/testCCompiler.c.obj
    Error running link command: no such file or directorygmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir/build.make:103: libcmTC_54e67.a] Error 2
    gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/user/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-cV5IPi'
    gmake: *** [Makefile:134: cmTC_54e67/fast] Error 2



  CMake will not be able to correctly generate this project.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:17 (project)


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

When run with the --debug-try-compile option, I can find all of the files referenced after the failure

ls build/CMakeFiles/CMakeScratch/TryCompile-cV5IPi/CMakeFiles/cmTC_54e67.dir
DependInfo.cmake
build.make
cmake_clean.cmake
cmake_clean_target.cmake
compiler_depend.make
compiler_depend.ts
depend.make
flags.make
link.txt
progress.make
testCCompiler.c.obj

MRE

(I would love to include the files directly, but am unaware of how to on this platform)

Generate an example project with STM32CubeMX (something like blinky)
Load the project in CLion
Test that the project builds successfully in CLion
Remove the CMake build directory
Move the project into the podman machine (podman machine cp <source> <vm>:<dest>)
Run CMake on the project in podman (this step fails)

Additional Details

The commands used to create and set up the podman machine:

podman machine init %machine% --now

podman machine ssh %machine% sudo dnf install cmake -y
podman machine ssh %machine% sudo dnf install unzip -y
podman machine ssh %machine% sudo dnf install wget -y

podman machine ssh %machine% wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu/14.3.rel1/binrel/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz
podman machine ssh %machine% tar -xvf ~/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi.tar.xz

podman machine ssh %machine% sudo ln -s ~/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
podman machine ssh %machine% sudo ln -s ~/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++
podman machine ssh %machine% sudo ln -s ~/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-gdb
podman machine ssh %machine% sudo ln -s ~/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-size /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-size
podman machine ssh %machine% sudo ln -s ~/arm-gnu-toolchain-14.3.rel1-x86_64-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy /usr/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy