[SOLVED] Compiling parts of Festival code written in C++ in a stand-alone C++ program

Compiling parts of Festival code written in C++ in a stand-alone C++ program

I am trying to use selective parts of the Festival code (written in C++) and trying to use them in my own C++ programs. Note that this question is not about using the Festival API but about functions within Festival that can be used directly.

The program I wrote takes in a C++ style string and tries to initialize an object of type EST_String (an internal implementation of the String class in Festival). I then try to print the object.

The code I have:

/*EST_String is a string implementation for the festival project.
 * This program simply takes in a C++-style string and returns an EST_String. 
 * This program is being used to test for makefiles etc.
 */

#include <iostream>
#include <EST_String.h>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

  if(argc != 2) {
    cout << "Correct usage: <binary> <string>" << endl;
    exit(5);
  }

  string word(argv[1]);
  EST_String e(word.c_str());  //init EST_String.

  cout << "C++ String = " << word << endl;
  cout << "EST_String = ";
  cout << e;

  return 0;
}

I am trying to compile it (from the command line directly (no makefile at present)) like so:

g++ -I../../speech_tools/include -I../../speech_tools/base_class/string -L../../speech_tools/lib/ -lestbase -lncurses -lasound -leststring -lestools usingESTString.C -o usingESTString

The error I get is:

/tmp/cczyGTfm.o: In function `main':
usingESTString.C:(.text+0x91): undefined reference to `EST_String::EST_String(char const*)'
/tmp/cczyGTfm.o: In function `EST_Chunk::operator--()':
usingESTString.C:(.text._ZN9EST_ChunkmmEv[EST_Chunk::operator--()]+0x3e): undefined reference to `EST_Chunk::~EST_Chunk()'
usingESTString.C:(.text._ZN9EST_ChunkmmEv[EST_Chunk::operator--()]+0x49): undefined reference to `EST_Chunk::operator delete(void*)'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

How can I get the code to compile properly? Where am I going wrong?

Solution

Try putting the libraries you link with last on the line.

The linker often resolves references kind of "backwards", meaning that the order of files presented on the command line is important: It wants files containing references first, then the libraries containing those references.