There are a lot of programs, Visual Studio for instance, that can detect when an outside program modifies a file and then reload the file if the user wants chooses. Is there a relatively easy way to do this sort of thing in C++ (doesn't necessarily have to be platform independent)?
There are several ways to do this depending on the platform. I would choose from the following choices:
Trolltech's Qt has an object called QFileSystemWatcher which allows you to monitor files and directories. I'm sure there are other cross platform frameworks that give you this sort of capability too, but this one works fairly well in my experience.
There is a Win32 api called FindFirstChangeNotification which does the job. There is a nice article which a small wrapper class for the api called How to get a notification if change occurs in a specified directory which will get you started.
If you are ok using C++/CLI with the .NET Framework then System.IO.FileSystemWatcher is your class of choice. Microsoft has a nice article on how to monitor file system changes using this class.
The FSEvents API is new for OS X 10.5 and very full-featured.
Use inotify as Alex mentioned in his answer.