gcc not recognize *.C source code as valid c program

I accidentally assign .C [note to Uppercase C ] extension to my C source code in UBUNTU 16.04 LTS and open it with Gedit program to enter my codes.

gcc compiler not recognize it as a C programming source code and produce error when it try to compile.

And UBUNTU file manager show that as a cpp file.

Code

#include <stdlib.h>

int main(){

    int * c = malloc(sizeof(int));
    free(c); 
  
    return 0;   
}

gcc compile command, output:

$gcc test.C -o test
test.C:8:18: error: invalid conversion from ‘void*’ to ‘int*’ [-fpermissive]
  int * c = malloc( sizeof(int) );

As we know this is a C++ specific error, and i think gcc, behave that like a C++ file as said in this .

This is my system info

Linux ee 4.8.0-36-generic #36~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP  i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux

gcc (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) 5.4.0 20160609

gedit - Version 3.18.3

I know we simply can cast the return value of malloc() to (int*) and this will obviously works.

But we know malloc() return type is void* see linuxdie malloc()

And it is not true to cast type of malloc() in C why not cast return of malloc()

Is only lowercase extension valid for C source code in UBUNTU, why they do this?

And how I can fix this and compile my source.C with gcc on my machine.

Edit

As MCG said in answers, we can force gcc to treat any given file as specific type which is tell to it with -x flag.

For example if we have a C valid source code with .f extension or even a source code without any extension on UBUNTU, by using this command it will be compiled correctly,

Compile C source code with any extension:

gcc -x c src.f -o src // with .f or any others
gcc -x c src -o src  //without extension

Solution

GCC recognizes .C (capital letter) extension as C++ file. You need to change extension of your file to .c (small letter). Also, you rightly mentioned and referenced that C++ requires a cast in case of malloc where as in c there is an implicit conversion from any object pointer type to void *.

See below explanation about file extensions (.C and .c) from GCC documentation. Please refer below GCC link for detail explanation for various file extensions.

file.C

C++ source code which must be preprocessed. Note that in .cxx, the last two letters must both be literally x. Likewise, .C refers to a literal capital C.

file.c

C source code which must be preprocessed.

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.3/gcc/Overall-Options.html

Additionally, you can give the flag -x c to force GCC to treat the file as C, not C++.