How reliable is Java crypto cipher in encrypting data?

I'm trying to learn Java Cipher Crypto and just have a few questions about my code below:

  public class Main2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Cipher cipher;
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator;

        SecureRandom secureRandom;
        int keyBitSize = 128;
        SecretKey secretKey;

        byte[] plainText, plainText2;
        byte[] cipherText, cipherText2;

        try 
        {
            cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
            keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");

            secureRandom = new SecureRandom();          
            keyGenerator.init(keyBitSize, secureRandom);

            secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();

            try 
            {
                //pass secretKey to cipher.init()
                cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

                try 
                {
                    plainText = "helloWorld".getBytes("UTF-8");
                    plainText2 = "helloWorld".getBytes("UTF-8");

                    cipherText = cipher.doFinal(plainText);
                    cipherText2 = cipher.doFinal(plainText2);

                    System.out.println(cipherText + "\n" + cipherText2);
                }

                catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) 
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } 

                catch (BadPaddingException e) 
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) 
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }                
            } 

            catch (InvalidKeyException e) 
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } 

        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) 
        {       
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 

        catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) 
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

1. Why does it get an Invalid Key Exception (invalid key size) when the keyBitSize is set to 256? Is cipher limited to 128 bits?

2. Does this encryption method always generate a consistent encrypted string length of 11 (when set to keyBitSize = 128)?

3. Does this method truncate any plaintext input string of greater length?

4. Would encrypting user input using this method before storing the encrypted values in a MySQL database a reliable form of security?

Why does it get an Invalid Key Exception (invalid key size) when the keyBitSize is set to 256? Is cipher limited to 128 bits?

Assuming you are using OracleJDK you need the Unlimited Strength JCE libraries (as commented). Yes, into the jre/lib/security folder

Does this encryption method always generate a consistent encrypted string length of 11 (when set to keyBitSize = 128)?
Does this method truncate any plaintext input string of greater length?

You are printing out the byte array references, not any encrypted values. Result of the encryption is a byte array and you should encode the array into printable characters (good practice is base64 or hex)

You may have a look at my blog for some examples.

Would encrypting user input using this method before storing the encrypted values in a MySQL database a reliable form of security?

Not at all. It has nothing to do with encryption, it is the way how you are using it.

When is comes to user authentication credentials, never ever store user passwords, even encrypted. Then in principle the user password is reversible. There are a lot of articles about it, e. g. https://www.google.be/amp/s/nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2013/11/20/serious-security-how-to-store-your-users-passwords-safely/amp/

Best practice today to store authentication credentials is using salted slow hash (pbkdf2,... )