I'm reading a book which says there are these subsystems:
win32,os/2,posix,etc..
But I don't have any perceptual knowledge with these notations, can you explain it in short words?
It might help if we knew which book you're referring to!
More generally, Win32 (which is 32-bit Windows, i.e. Windows NT 3.5 or later), OS/2 and the POSIX family are all operating systems. (POSIX is a standard family of APIs into the UNIX-like operating systems - see here for more.)
It sounds like what you describe is a program that can run on many different operating systems and which has operating-system specific components -- these would be the "subsystems".
However, creating an application in this way does sound like the kind of thing that was done fifteen or twenty years ago. That's about the time that people used to refer to those three families of operating systems, too...