I really could use some help in the right direction with this. Thanks!
I think that this looks like a Voronoi diagram, or some custom implementation of one, which divides a plane with lots of points into discrete areas.
There are several algorithms for generating these diagrams, and you may want to take a look at this question to get an idea of what is easiest to implement. Fortune's algorithm is probably the most efficient, with O(n log n) time, but is also more complex to understand.
It may also simply be random points connected by random lines. It's hard to tell.