How to create a protected route with react-router-dom?

How to create a protected route with react-router-dom and storing the response in localStorage, so that when a user tries to open next time they can view their details again. After login, they should redirect to the dashboard page.

All functionality is added in ContextApi. Codesandbox link : Code

I tried but was not able to achieve it

Route Page

import React, { useContext } from "react";
import { globalC } from "./context";
import { Route, Switch, BrowserRouter } from "react-router-dom";
import About from "./About";
import Dashboard from "./Dashboard";
import Login from "./Login";
import PageNotFound from "./PageNotFound";

function Routes() {
  const { authLogin } = useContext(globalC);
  console.log("authLogin", authLogin);

  return (
    <BrowserRouter>
      <Switch>
        {authLogin ? (
          <>
            <Route path="/dashboard" component={Dashboard} exact />
            <Route exact path="/About" component={About} />
          </>
        ) : (
          <Route path="/" component={Login} exact />
        )}

        <Route component={PageNotFound} />
      </Switch>
    </BrowserRouter>
  );
}
export default Routes;

Context Page

import React, { Component, createContext } from "react";
import axios from "axios";

export const globalC = createContext();

export class Gprov extends Component {
  state = {
    authLogin: null,
    authLoginerror: null
  };
  componentDidMount() {
    var localData = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("loginDetail"));
    if (localData) {
      this.setState({
        authLogin: localData
      });
    }
  }

  loginData = async () => {
    let payload = {
      token: "ctz43XoULrgv_0p1pvq7tA",
      data: {
        name: "nameFirst",
        email: "internetEmail",
        phone: "phoneHome",
        _repeat: 300
      }
    };
    await axios
      .post(`https://app.fakejson.com/q`, payload)
      .then((res) => {
        if (res.status === 200) {
          this.setState({
            authLogin: res.data
          });
          localStorage.setItem("loginDetail", JSON.stringify(res.data));
        }
      })
      .catch((err) =>
        this.setState({
          authLoginerror: err
        })
      );
  };
  render() {
    // console.log(localStorage.getItem("loginDetail"));
    return (
      <globalC.Provider
        value={{
          ...this.state,
          loginData: this.loginData
        }}
      >
        {this.props.children}
      </globalC.Provider>
    );
  }
}

Issue

<BrowserRouter>
  <Switch>
    {authLogin ? (
      <>
        <Route path="/dashboard" component={Dashboard} exact />
        <Route exact path="/About" component={About} />
      </>
    ) : (
      <Route path="/" component={Login} exact />
    )}

    <Route component={PageNotFound} />
  </Switch>
</BrowserRouter>

The Switch doesn't handle rendering anything other than Route and Redirect components. If you want to "nest" like this then you need to wrap each in generic routes, but that is completely unnecessary.

Your login component also doesn't handle redirecting back to any "home" page or private routes that were originally being accessed.

Solution

react-router-dom v6 and v7

In version 6/7 custom route components no longer work, the preferred method is to use an auth layout component.

import { Navigate, Outlet } from 'react-router-dom'; // Note 1

const PrivateRoutes = () => {
  const location = useLocation();
  const { authLogin } = useContext(globalC);

  if (authLogin === undefined) {
    return null; // or loading indicator/spinner/etc
  }

  return authLogin 
    ? <Outlet />
    : <Navigate to="/login" replace state={{ from: location }} />;
}

...

<BrowserRouter>
  <Routes>
    <Route path="/" element={<PrivateRoutes />} >
      <Route path="dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
      <Route path="about" element={<About />} />
    </Route>
    <Route path="/login" element={<Login />} />
    <Route path="*" element={<PageNotFound />} />
  </Routes>
</BrowserRouter>

or

const routes = [
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <PrivateRoutes />,
    children: [
      {
        path: "dashboard",
        element: <Dashboard />,
      },
      {
        path: "about",
        element: <About />
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    path: "/login",
    element: <Login />,
  },
  {
    path: "*",
    element: <PageNotFound />
  },
];

...

export default function Login() {
  const location = useLocation();
  const navigate = useNavigate();
  const { authLogin, loginData } = useContext(globalC);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (authLogin) {
      const { from } = location.state || { from: { pathname: "/" } };
      navigate(from, { replace: true });
    }
  }, [authLogin, location, navigate]);

  return (
    <div
      style={{ height: "100vh" }}
      className="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"
    >
      <button type="button" onClick={loginData} className="btn btn-primary">
        Login
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

_{¹ React-Router-DOM v7 react-router is the primary entry point, import components from react-router instead of react-router-dom. See v7 Installation for details.}

react-router-dom v5

Create a PrivateRoute component that consumes your auth context.

const PrivateRoute = (props) => {
  const location = useLocation();
  const { authLogin } = useContext(globalC);

  if (authLogin === undefined) {
    return null; // or loading indicator/spinner/etc
  }

  return authLogin ? (
    <Route {...props} />
  ) : (
    <Redirect
      to={{
        pathname: "/login",
        state: { from: location }
      }}
    />
  );
};

Update your Login component to handle redirecting back to the original route being accessed.

export default function Login() {
  const location = useLocation();
  const history = useHistory();
  const { authLogin, loginData } = useContext(globalC);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (authLogin) {
      const { from } = location.state || { from: { pathname: "/" } };
      history.replace(from);
    }
  }, [authLogin, history, location]);

  return (
    <div
      style={{ height: "100vh" }}
      className="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"
    >
      <button type="button" onClick={loginData} className="btn btn-primary">
        Login
      </button>
    </div>
  );
}

Render all your routes in a "flat list"

function Routes() {
  return (
    <BrowserRouter>
      <Switch>
        <PrivateRoute path="/dashboard" component={Dashboard} />
        <PrivateRoute path="/About" component={About} />
        <Route path="/login" component={Login} />
        <Route component={PageNotFound} />
      </Switch>
    </BrowserRouter>
  );
}