How do I match components in a string math expression with unknown digits in javascript?

So I have this data array which contains math expressions as strings.

var data = ['1+1=?', '123*45?=5?088', '-5?*-1=5?', '19--45=5?', '??*??=302?', '?*11=??', '??*1=??', '??+??=??']

The question marks indicate an unknown digit, so it's part of a number. How do I split them up so that I have factors/addends, the operation, and the answer on the right side of the equation stored in an array?

This is the result that I want to get:

'1+1=?'            --->    ['1', '+', '1', '?']
'123*45?=5?088'    --->    ['123', '*', '45?' '5?088']
'-5?*-1=5?'        --->    ['-5?', '*', '-1', 5?']
'19--45=5?'        --->    ['19', '-', '-45', '5?']
'??*??=302?'       --->    ['??', '*', '??', '302?']
'?*11=??'          --->    ['?', '*', '11', '??']
'??*1=??'          --->    ['??', '*', '1', '??']
'??+??=??'         --->    ['??', '+', '??', '??']

It's tricky for me especially the one where there's a subtraction with a negative number.

Thanks in advance!

Solution

You may try this regex:

-?[\d?]+|[^=]

-?[\d?]+: any combination of digits and ? with an optional leading -.
|: or
[^=]: something not a =

Check the test cases

const texts = [
  '1+1=?',
  '123*45?=5?088',
  '-5?*-1=5?',
  '19--45=5?',
  '??*??=302?',
  '?*11=??',
  '??*1=??',
  '??+??=??'
];

const regex = /-?[\d?]+|[^=]/g;

const groups = texts.map(text => text.match(regex));

console.log(groups);

Edit

If the format is consistant, you may try this regex to get each part of the equation:

(-?[\d?]+)([^=\d?])(-?[\d?]+)=(-?[\d?]+)

See the test cases

const texts = [
  '1+1=?',
  '123*45?=5?088',
  '-5?*-1=5?',
  '19--45=5?',
  '??*??=302?',
  '?*11=??',
  '??*1=??',
  '??+??=??',
  '?33438-103326=410112'
];

const regex = /^(-?[\d?]+)([^=\d?])(-?[\d?]+)=(-?[\d?]+)$/;

const groups = texts.map(text => text.match(regex).splice(1));

console.log(groups);