zig

How can I generate a timestamp string using zig?

using zig, I need to generate a timestamp that format exactly or almost matches 2025-04-18T14:03:52.000Z. How can I go about it? using the standard library only

Solution

  • It is possible to do this, but I would strongly suggest using a library like zig-time, zig-datetime or zig-tzif instead.

    Also please note that this is one of my first Zig programs, so it might not adhere to all conventions and best practices.

    That said, here is how I would do it using the standard library only:

    const std = @import("std");

const DateTime = struct {
    year: u32,
    month: u8,
    day: u8,
    hour: u8,
    minute: u8,
    second: u8,
    millisecond: u16,
};

fn isLeapYear(year: u32) bool {
    return (@rem(year, 4) == 0 and @rem(year, 100) != 0) or (@rem(year, 400) == 0);
}

fn daysInMonth(month: u8, year: u32) u8 {
    return switch (month) {
        1 => 31,
        2 => if (isLeapYear(year)) 29 else 28,
        3 => 31,
        4 => 30,
        5 => 31,
        6 => 30,
        7 => 31,
        8 => 31,
        9 => 30,
        10 => 31,
        11 => 30,
        12 => 31,
        else => unreachable,
    };
}

fn unixTimestampToUTC(timestamp: u64) DateTime {
    const MILLIS_PER_SEC = 1000;
    const SECS_PER_MIN = 60;
    const SECS_PER_HOUR = SECS_PER_MIN * 60;
    const SECS_PER_DAY = SECS_PER_HOUR * 24;

    const millisecond: u16 = @intCast(@rem(timestamp, MILLIS_PER_SEC));
    const seconds = @divTrunc(timestamp, MILLIS_PER_SEC);

    // Compute the time of day.
    const hour: u8 = @intCast(@divTrunc(@rem(seconds, SECS_PER_DAY), SECS_PER_HOUR));
    const minute: u8 = @intCast(@divTrunc(@rem(seconds, SECS_PER_HOUR), SECS_PER_MIN));
    const second: u8 = @intCast(@rem(seconds, SECS_PER_MIN));

    // Compute the date.
    var days = @divTrunc(seconds, SECS_PER_DAY);
    var year: u32 = 1970;

    while (true) {
        const days_in_year: u16 = if (isLeapYear(year)) 366 else 365;
        if (days >= days_in_year) {
            days -= days_in_year;
            year += 1;
        } else break;
    }

    var month: u8 = 1;
    while (true) {
        const day_of_month = daysInMonth(month, year);
        if (days >= day_of_month) {
            days -= day_of_month;
            month += 1;
        } else break;
    }

    const day: u8 = @intCast(days + 1);

    return DateTime{
        .year = year,
        .month = month,
        .day = day,
        .hour = hour,
        .minute = minute,
        .second = second,
        .millisecond = millisecond,
    };
}

pub fn main() !void {
    const allocator = std.heap.page_allocator;
    const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();

    // Timestamps before 01-01-1970 are not supported by this program.
    const timestamp: u64 = @intCast(std.time.milliTimestamp());

    const dt = unixTimestampToUTC(timestamp);

    const iso8601 = try std.fmt.allocPrint(
        allocator,
        "{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}T{:0>2}:{:0>2}:{:0>2}.{:0>3}Z",
        .{ dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, dt.hour, dt.minute, dt.second, dt.millisecond },
    );
    defer allocator.free(iso8601);

    try stdout.print("ISO 8601 UTC: {s}\n", .{iso8601});
}

    Which gives you an output like:

    ISO 8601 UTC: 2025-04-23T17:07:17.668Z

    Currently this code comes with several caveats that all could be fixed, but I did not attempt this for the sake of brevity: