Why do some diagrams have no value for each node and instead have 2 values? What are they trying to represent?
The second diagram makes sense if 8 has a left and right node of 6 and 7. I don't understand why in the first diagram 100 has 2 left and 2 right nodes.
What am I missing here?
I don't understand why in the first diagram 100 has 2 left and 2 right nodes.
First of all, a B-tree is not a binary (search) tree: a node in a B-tree is designed to allow for more than one key up to a fixed maximum. In the first image, a box represents a single node with potentially multiple keys. In the second image there are separation lines between the keys, but it is the same principle. So in usual terminology the first diagram shows a root node with only two children, not four.
Why do some diagrams have no value for each node and instead have 2 values?
You are referring to the keys contained within a single node. Each node has a fixed number of slots that can be occupied by keys, but this is dynamic. During the lifetime of a node, it may have a varying number of keys, but within certain limits.
The images depict B-trees of order 3 (using Knuth's definition of order, which is the maximum branching factor).