I'm trying to make a 64-bit shift register in Verilog HDL. When I try the code in the testbench, I just get xxxxxx as the output till all the bits have been shifted. I don't know what the problem is.
Here Is my code with the testbench and the result:
module ShiftRegister (shift_out, clk, shift_in); //module ports
parameter n = 64; //Parameter n declared to store 64
input [n-1:0] shift_in; //64-bit input shift_in
input clk; //Input clock
output [n-1:0] shift_out; //64-bit output shift_out
reg [n-1:0] ff; //64-bit flipflop
assign shift_out = ff [n-1:0]; //give the output of the 64th bit
//The operation of verilog:
always @ (posedge clk) //Always at the rising edge of the clock
begin
ff <= ff << 1; //Shift bits to the left by 1
ff[0] <= shift_in; //Take the input bits and give it to the first flipflop
end
endmodule //ShiftRegister module
///Testbench\\\
module ShiftRegister_tb; //Module shiftRegister_tb
parameter n = 64; //Parameter n declared to store 64
reg [n-1:0] shift_in; //64-bit register input shift_in
reg clk, rst; //register clock
wire [n-1:0] shift_out; //64-bit wire output shift_out
ShiftRegister DUT(shift_out, clk, shift_in); //Calling the module
initial
begin
clk = 0; //clock = 0 initally
shift_in = 64'd34645767785344; //Random decimal number to test the code
#100;
end
always #50 clk =~clk; //invert the clock input after 50ps
endmodule //ShiftRegister testbench
You declare ff
as a reg
, and the default value of a reg
is x
. Before the 1st posedge of the clock, all 64 bits of ff
are x
(unknown). After the 1st posedge of the clock, ff[0]
becomes 0 because shift_in[0]
is 0. And so on, until you reach 64 clocks, then all ff
bits are 0. shift_out
just follows ff
.
Typically, your design would also have a reset signal. If you had one, you could assert reset at the start, and assign ff
to 0 during reset. Here is what is looks like with a reset:
module ShiftRegister (shift_out, clk, shift_in, rst); //module ports
parameter n = 64; //Parameter n declared to store 64
input rst;
input [n-1:0] shift_in; //64-bit input shift_in
input clk; //Input clock
output [n-1:0] shift_out; //64-bit output shift_out
reg [n-1:0] ff; //64-bit flipflop
assign shift_out = ff [n-1:0]; //give the output of the 64th bit
always @ (posedge clk or posedge rst) //Always at the rising edge of the clock
begin
if (rst) begin
ff <= 0;
end else begin
ff <= ff << 1; //Shift bits to the left by 1
ff[0] <= shift_in; //Take the input bits and give it to the first flipflop
end
end
endmodule
module ShiftRegister_tb; //Module shiftRegister_tb
parameter n = 64; //Parameter n declared to store 64
reg [n-1:0] shift_in; //64-bit register input shift_in
reg clk, rst; //register clock
wire [n-1:0] shift_out; //64-bit wire output shift_out
ShiftRegister DUT(shift_out, clk, shift_in,rst); //Calling the module
initial
begin
clk = 0; //clock = 0 initally
rst = 1;
shift_in = 64'd34645767785344; //Random decimal number to test the code
#100;
rst = 0;
#50_000 $finish;
end
always #50 clk =~clk; //invert the clock input after 50ps
endmodule